Podagrion Mantis Ashmead and Other Parasites of Praying Mantid Egg Cases (Hym.: Chalcidoidea; Dipt.: Chloropidae)

Breland, Osmond P.

doi:10.1093/aesa/34.1.99

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Mantid oothecae are regularly parasitized by torymid wasps, in particular by those in the genus Podagrion (Williams 1914;Breland 1941;Grissell and Goodpasture 1981). Working with oothecae of Archimantis latistyla (Serville), an Australian mantis, Coombs (1994) found a negative relationship between Podagrion parasite burden and mantid emergence among oothecae.…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearctic Podagrion wasps are relatively host specific (Grissell and Goodpasture 1981) in that they attack only mantid oothecae, but apparently wasp species are not restricted to individual mantid host species (ϳ20 Nearctic species) (Gurney 1950;Helfer 1987). Unlike their hosts, Podagrion wasps are multivoltine, with generation times of 30-60 days (Williams 1914;Breland 1941;W.F. Fagan, unpublished data), depending on temperature.…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fagan, unpublished data), depending on temperature. Based on records for temperate regions of the United States and Australia, adult Podagrion are winter-active parasites, attacking mantid oothecae from midfall until spring (Breland 1941;Coombs 1994;W.F. Fagan, unpublished data).…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fagan, unpublished data). Larval wasps live as external parasites on individual mantid eggs inside oothecae (Breland 1941;Grissell and Goodpasture 1981). Multiple female wasps often oviposit within an individual mantid egg case (Breland 1941;W.F.…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nymphal and adult mantids suffer from a variety of parasites (e.g., tachinid flies, Exorista bisetosa [Iwasaki 1993]), but by far the best known parasites of mantids are torymid wasps that attack mantid oothecae (egg cases) (Breland 1941;Grissell and Goodpasture 1981). Although the ecological relationships between these egg parasites and mantids have rarely been studied, other aspects of mantid life histories, population ecology, and community impacts have been well studied in a variety of habitats, including old fields and grasslands in the eastern United States (Hurd and Eisenberg 1984a, b;Snyder and Hurd 1995;Hurd 1994, 1998), Europe (Lawrence 1992), and Japan (Matsura et al 1975;Iwasaki 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting scales of oviposition and parasitism in praying mantids

Fagan

Folarin

2001

Population Ecology

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We report on spatial patterns of parasitism of oothecae (egg cases) of praying mantises (Stagmomantis limbata) by torymid wasps, Podagrion spp. Using collections of mapped mantid oothecae from Riparian sites in the Sonoran desert and Grassland sites in the Chiricahua Mountains (both in Arizona, USA), we characterized the spatial distributions of oothecae and parasitism. The likelihood of an egg case suffering some parasitism was higher at Grassland sites, which had high oothecal densities, than at low-density Riparian sites. However, experimental isolation of Grassland oothecae to densities comparable to Riparian sites reduced parasitism rates. At Riparian sites, parasitized oothecae exhibited on average the same extent of parasitism as parasitized oothecae at high densities but with much greater variation. Indeed, large fractions of Riparian oothecae suffered both severe (Ͼ50%) and light (Ͻ20%) parasitism, whereas most parasitized Grassland oothecae suffered intermediate levels of parasitism. Analysis of first nearest neighbor distances indicated that the parasite load of an ootheca did not depend on its immediate isolation. However, extending the analysis to include subsequent nearest neighbors (using a technique from spatial statistics called the R(K) function), we found that even though oothecae of S. limbata were spatially clustered, some oothecae in a (statistically defined) cluster escaped parasitism when overall oothecal densities were low. This pattern suggests that when oothecae are sparsely distributed, Podagrion wasps exploit only a fraction of the oothecae available locally, even though the oothecae are strongly aggregated relative to their overall density. We suggest this lack of congruency in the scales of oothecal deposition and parasitism at low densities (which is absent when oothecae are at high densities) may be explained in part by behavioral aspects of the parasite's reproduction, including increased host fidelity by relatively sedentary female parasites.

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Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%