Podstawy teoretyczne stabilizacyjnej roli narzędzi fiskalnych w gospodarce rynkowej

Abstract

<jats:p>By means of fiscal and/or monetary instruments, highly developed market economies undertake stabilization activities which aim (among other things) to influence the morphology of business cycles and the equilibrium of the labor market, as well as striving to maintain a stable value of currency. The aim of the article is to examine the hypothetical impact of both discretionary and automatic fiscal policy tools on stabilization of the real and the nominal sphere of a closed market economy. The article is hypothetical in nature. First, the aims of macroeconomic stabilization and the possibilities of their implementation are discussed. Later, discretional and automatic fiscal instruments are presented, and the nature of their impact upon accomplishment of the previously formulated goals is examined. Fiscal instruments can and should be used in stabilization activities and the tools that operate automatically should be particularly important for policy makers.</jats:p>

Determinants of the Agricultural Budget in Poland in the Light of Its Relation to GDP and State Budget Expenditure

“…amounts paid to farmers for losses caused by drought, flood, infectious diseases, and expenditures for market intervention). Budget expenditure policy can play a stabilising role not only in the sphere of agricultural income, but also in the sphere of investment in agriculture (Czyżewski, Kata, Matuszczak 2019b;Barczyk 2020). The stabilisation tools embedded in budget expenditures on agriculture are themselves the most important factor determining the variability of these expenditures, but their changes are a response to fluctuations in agricultural income under the influence of market and natural (climatic and natural) factors.…”