Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

Rezaei, Meysam; Bazaz, Sajad Razavi; Zhand, Sareh; Sayyadi, Nima; Jin, Dayong; Stewart, Martin P.; Warkiani, Majid Ebrahimi

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010009

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Antigen-based testing involves the application of specific, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Figure 1) in several formats, including lateral flow immunofluorescent sandwich assays, chromatogenic digital immunoassay, lateral flow immunoassay with visual read, and microfluidic immunofluorescence assays. (Rezaei et al, 2020) Antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 can be utilized either in conjunction with RT-qPCR as a first-line screening test, or utilized in decentralized health care settings in which RT-qPCR testing may not be conducive for rapid result turn-around. (Rezaei et al, 2020) Rapid antigen-based lateral flow testing (RALFT) for SARS-CoV-2, as with influenza, has been implemented globally to achieve rapid, accurate results for COVID-19 diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and experimental factors that affect the reported performance characteristics of rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2

Pârvu

Gary

Mann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tests that detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract can provide a rapid means of COVID-19 disease diagnosis and help identify individuals that may be infectious and should isolate to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This systematic review assesses the diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals compared to RT-qPCR, and summarizes antigen test sensitivity using meta-regression. In total, 83 studies were included that compared SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen lateral flow testing (RALFT) to RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. Generally, the quality of the evaluated studies was inconsistent, nevertheless, the overall sensitivity for RALFT was determined to be 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.0-78.0). Additionally, RALFT sensitivity was found to be higher for symptomatic versus asymptomatic individuals and was higher for a symptomatic population within 7 days from symptom onset (DSO) compared to a population with extended days of symptoms. Viral load was found to be the most important factor for determining SARS-CoV-2 antigen test sensitivity. Other design factors, such as specimen storage and anatomical collection type, also affect the performance of RAFLT. RALFT and RT-qPCR testing both achieve high sensitivity when compared to SARS-CoV-2 viral culture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and experimental factors that affect the reported performance characteristics of rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2

Pârvu

Gary

Mann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technique has been repurposed for diagnostics and is one of the widely used nucleic acid detection methods [185,186]. Many types of Cas proteins have been developed to create highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic methods [187].…”

Section: Crispr Based Covid-19 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Testing of SARS-CoV-2

Yoo

Kim

2021

IJMS

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak. It is accordingly important to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method including reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most widely used assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Along with the RT-PCR method, digital PCR has emerged as a powerful tool to quantify nucleic acid of the virus with high accuracy and sensitivity. Non-PCR based techniques such as reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) are considered to be rapid and simple nucleic acid detection methods and were reviewed in this paper. Non-conventional molecular diagnostic methods including next-generation sequencing (NGS), CRISPR-based assays and nanotechnology are improving the accuracy and sensitivity of COVID-19 diagnosis. In this review, we also focus on standardization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing and the activity of the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and highlight resources such as reference materials (RM) that provide the values of specified properties. Finally, we summarize the useful resources for convenient COVID-19 molecular diagnostics.

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“…In addition, integration of saliva-based POC detection systems with smartphones and artificial intelligence can provide fast and effective communication with better surveillance. [ 18 ]…”

Section: Evidence-based Information 3: Saliva-based Point-of-care Testing For Diagnosing Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva and COVID 19

Chowdhry¹,

Kapoor²,

Kharbanda³

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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Oral health care providers are at a higher risk of being infected by novel coronavirus due to close proximity to patient's face and exposure to saliva while working on the patient. Thus, there is an urgent need to interpret the available literature in order to establish safe practices for dental professionals as well as limit the spread of infection through saliva. The study intends to provide up-to-date, compiled evidence-based information related to saliva and its association with COVID-19. It further provides suggestions for safe practices in dentistry in current pandemic times. Oral symptoms may be strongly suggestive of early diagnosis and disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Viral loads in saliva are reported higher than standard nasopharyngeal swabs in few studies, majorly in the 1 st week of symptom onset. Besides, salivary diagnostics has many additional advantages of being noninvasive, comfortable to the patients with the possibility of point-of-care testing for diagnosing COVID-19. High-efficiency particulate arrestor filter, rubber dam application and high-volume evacuator can reduce spatter and droplets/aerosol production. Povidone-iodine-based mouthwash maybe mouthwash of choice before any dental examination or procedures due to its ability to decrease severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 viral loads in the mouth. Salivary diagnostics related to COVID-19 should be integral part of dental teaching programs. There is a tremendous scope to study saliva in health and diseases.

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Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

Cited by 55 publications

References 85 publications

Clinical and experimental factors that affect the reported performance characteristics of rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2

Clinical and experimental factors that affect the reported performance characteristics of rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2

Nucleic Acid Testing of SARS-CoV-2

Saliva and COVID 19

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