Point of view in personal memories

Nigro, Georgia; Neisser, Ulric

doi:10.1016/0010-0285(83)90016-6

Cited by 698 publications

(636 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Indeed, we found that temporally distant events (both past and future) were more often represented with an O perspective (i.e., from a third-person perspective in which the individual perceives himself/herself as if he/she were observing another individual, rather than from a first-person perspective in which he/she is the subject of experience) than temporally close events (see Nigro & Neisser, 1983;Robinson & Swanson, 1993, for similar findings with regard to past events). This kind of third-person perspective may serve as a distancing mechanism, leading individuals to perceive that a past (or future) self-concept is different from the current self-concept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were also asked to report the visual perspective they took in their representation of the event by assigning it to one of three categories depending on whether they "saw" themselves in their representation (observer perspective, O), saw the scene from their own perspective (field perspective, F), or felt that neither point of view fitted (N). A detailed paragraph instructed them on the distinction between the observer and field perspectives (see Nigro & Neisser, 1983).Participants were finally asked to date past events and also to rate their feelings of the events' subjective temporal distance. The latter was assessed because previous studies have shown that people may feel more or less close to a past event, regardless of its actual temporal distance (Ross & Wilson, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we assessed the visual perspective that was adopted in these representations. Nigro and Neisser (1983) observed that in some memories one adopts the visual perspective of an observer, seeing oneself from the "outside," whereas in other memories one sees the scene from one's own perspective. These authors further reported that, when remembering, people are more likely to adopt an observer perspective for older than for more recent memories (see also Robinson & Swanson, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

D’Argembeau¹,

Linden

2004

Consciousness and Cognition

675

650

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As humans, we frequently engage in mental time travel, reliving past experiences and imagining possible future events. This study examined whether similar factors affect the subjective experience associated with remembering the past and imagining the future.Participants mentally "re-experienced" or "pre-experienced" positive and negative events that differed in their temporal distance from the present (close versus distant), and then rated the phenomenal characteristics (i.e., sensorial, contextual, and emotional details) associated with their representations. For both past and future, representations of positive events were associated with a greater feeling of re-experiencing (or pre-experiencing) than representations of negative events. In addition, representations of temporally close events (both past and future) contained more sensorial and contextual details, and generated a stronger feeling of reexperiencing (or pre-experiencing) than representations of temporally distant events. It is suggested that the way we both remember our past and imagine our future is constrained by our current goals. One of the most fascinating achievements of the human mind is its ability to engage in mental time travel in order to mentally relive past experiences (Suddendorf & Busby, 2003;Tulving, 2002;Wheeler, Stuss, & Tulving, 1997). When mentally traveling back to the past, we may remember an event in considerable detail, for instance by "seeing" in our mind the location where this past experience took place as well as the persons and objects that were present, by remembering the unfolding of the event as well as what we felt or thought when experiencing it, and so forth. Such detailed sensorial and contextual (spatio-temporal) information is an essential aspect of memory because it provides the rememberer with a subjective "sense of self" in the past (Klein, 2001) and enables him or her to distinguish memories of events that have been personally experienced in the past from other kinds of representations such as dreams, imagined events, or beliefs (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). According to Tulving's most recent characterization of episodic memory (Tulving, 2002;Wheeler et al., 1997), the hallmark of episodic retrieval is what he terms "autonoetic" (self-knowing) consciousness, which is "the kind of consciousness that mediates an individual's awareness of his or her existence and identity in subjective time extending from the personal past through the present to the personal future" (Tulving, 1985, p. 1). Autonoetic consciousness is thought to allow not only the subjective experience associated with reexperiencing a past experience but also the ability to project oneself forward in time to mentally "pre-experience" an event (Wheeler et al., 1997). However, although many researchers have showed increased interest in the subjective experience of remembering, by investigating either states of awareness (e.g., Gardiner, 1988;Tulving, 1985) or phenomenal characteristics (e.g., Johnson, Foley, Suengas, & Raye, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

D’Argembeau¹,

Linden

2004

Consciousness and Cognition

675

650

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“…Negative events in particular are recalled with less contextual detail (D"Argembeau, Comblain & Van der Linden, 2003;Destun & Kuiper, 1999). Nigro and Neisser (1983) showed that people can also remember events from more or less abstract perspectives: a "field" perspective entails seeing oneself as a participant in the scene, whereas an "observer"…”

Section: Remembering Emotional Events Differentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regret as autobiographical memory

Davison

Feeney

2008

Cognitive Psychology

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Intrusive autobiographical memories in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder

Brewin

1998

Appl. Cognit. Psychol.

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Recent research into involuntary, intrusive autobiographical memories has found that, although they are present in non‐clinical samples, they are much more common in patients with depression or post‐traumatic stress disorder. Compared to controls, patients report memories that intrude more frequently, are more distressing, and sometimes have unusual characteristics, such as the sensation of reliving the event at the present moment. Intrusive memories in PTSD differ primarily from those found in depression by the greater evidence for dissociation at the time of the original event. The intrusion and avoidance of these memories are related to other aspects of patients' cognitive performance, and predict the course of their disorder, even when initial symptom severity is statistically controlled. Theoretical implications for the study of autobiographical memory and for cognitive models of depression and PTSD are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Point of view in personal memories

Cited by 698 publications

References 12 publications

Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

Regret as autobiographical memory

Intrusive autobiographical memories in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder

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