2016
DOI: 10.1137/151005622
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Pointwise Convergence of the Lloyd I Algorithm in Higher Dimension

Abstract: We establish the pointwise convergence of the iterative Lloyd algorithm, also known as kmeans algorithm, when the quadratic quantization error of the starting grid (with size N ≥ 2) is lower than the minimal quantization error with respect to the input distribution is lower at level N − 1. Such a protocol is known as the splitting method and allows for convergence even when the input distribution has an unbounded support. We also show under very light assumption that the resulting limiting grid still has full … Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…For more details about these original stochastic optimization procedures, mostly devised in the 1950's, we refer e.g. to [5,35] for CLV Q and [25,18,39] for (randomized) Lloyd's I procedure or more applied textbooks like [20]. These procedures have been extensively implemented to compute for numerical probability purposes optimal grids of d-dimensional normal distributions N (0, I d ) for d = 1, .…”
Section: The Multidimensional Quadratic Case (Higher Dimensions)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For more details about these original stochastic optimization procedures, mostly devised in the 1950's, we refer e.g. to [5,35] for CLV Q and [25,18,39] for (randomized) Lloyd's I procedure or more applied textbooks like [20]. These procedures have been extensively implemented to compute for numerical probability purposes optimal grids of d-dimensional normal distributions N (0, I d ) for d = 1, .…”
Section: The Multidimensional Quadratic Case (Higher Dimensions)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For numerical implementations, the search of stationary quantizers is based on zero search recursive procedures like Newton-Raphson algorithm for real valued random variables, and some algorithms like Lloyd's I algorithms (see e.g. [9,21]), the Competitive Learning Vector Quantization (CLVQ) algorithm (see [9]) or stochastic algorithms (see [18]) in the multidimensional framework. Optimal quantization grids associated to multivariate Gaussian random vectors can be downloaded on the website www.quantize.math-fi.com.…”
Section: Brief Background On Optimal Quantizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Like for the CLV Q algorithm, the convergence results for the Lloyd procedure are still partial, even in its original (deterministic) form (3.43) (see e.g. [67]). …”
Section: Randomized Lloyd's Procedurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…to [8,59] for CLV Q, [25,40,67] for (randomized) Lloyd's procedure or more applied textbooks like [30]. 3.4.…”
Section: Randomized Lloyd's Procedurementioning
confidence: 99%