Poison induced pica in rats

Mitchell, Denis; Wells, Claudia; Hoch, Neil; Lind, Karen L.; Woods, Stephen C.; Mitchell, Linda K.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(76)90171-2

Cited by 155 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To determine whether nausea/malaise contributes to the food intake-suppressive effects produced by VTA amylin receptor signaling, we availed of an established model of nausea/malaise (Alhadeff et al, 2012;Andrews and Horn, 2006;De Jonghe and Horn, 2008;Kanoski et al, 2012;Mitchell et al, 1976) by examining pica, the consumption of a non-nutritive substance (eg, kaolin silicate clay). Rats received counterbalanced intra-VTA injections of sCT (0, 0.004, 0.04, or 0.4 mg/100 nl aCSF) and intake of chow and kaolin were measured for 24 h. As in our previous experiment, the two highest doses of sCT tested (0.4 and 0.04 mg) reduced 24 h chow intake ( Figure 3a; ANOVA: F 3,18 ¼ 7.34, P ¼ 0.002; vehicle vs 0.04 or 0.4 mg, Po0.05) and 0.4 mg sCT reduced 24 h BW gain (Figure 3c; ANOVA: F 3,18 ¼ 3.38, P ¼ 0.04; vehicle vs 0.4 mg, Po0.05).…”

Section: Amylin Receptor Activation In the Vta Reduces Chow Intake Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylin Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area is Physiologically Relevant for the Control of Food Intake

Mietlicki‐Baase

Rupprecht

Olivos

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

116

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The ability of amylin, a pancreatic b-cell-derived neuropeptide, to promote negative energy balance has been ascribed to neural activation at the area postrema. However, despite amylin binding throughout the brain, the possible role of amylin signaling at other nuclei in the control of food intake has been largely neglected. We show that mRNA for all components of the amylin receptor complex is expressed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a mesolimbic structure mediating food intake and reward. Direct activation of VTA amylin receptors reduces the intake of chow and palatable sucrose solution in rats. This effect is mediated by reductions in meal size and is not due to nausea/malaise or prolonged suppression of locomotor activity. VTA amylin receptor activation also reduces sucrose selfadministration on a progressive ratio schedule. Finally, antagonist studies provide novel evidence that VTA amylin receptor blockade increases food intake and attenuates the intake-suppressive effects of a peripherally administered amylin analog, suggesting that amylin receptor signaling in the VTA is physiologically relevant for food intake control and potentially clinically relevant for the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Amylin Receptor Activation In the Vta Reduces Chow Intake Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylin Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area is Physiologically Relevant for the Control of Food Intake

Mietlicki‐Baase

Rupprecht

Olivos

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

116

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“…Laboratory research on feeding behavior grew out of experimental psychology, mostly using rats, and more recently mice. In animal psychology, perhaps owing to the lack of a vomiting response in rodents, researchers use CFA testing (and sometimes pica, e.g., clay ingestion; Mitchell et al, 1976) to assess possible aversive effects on feeding behavior. For example, it is still an important issue for researchers working on the satiation of food intake in non-human species (with implications for the control of obesity) to distinguish the actions of variables that reduce feeding from those that produce malaise.…”

Section: Why Are Nausea and Vomiting Important In Today's World?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is the neurobiology of nausea and vomiting so important?

2008

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Nausea and vomiting are important as biological systems for drug side effects, disease co-morbidities, and defenses against food poisoning. Vomiting can serve the function of emptying a noxious chemical from the gut, and nausea appears to play a role in a conditioned response to avoid ingestion of offending substances. The sensory pathways for nausea and vomiting, such as gut and vestibular inputs, are generally defined but the problem of determining the brain's final common pathway and central pattern generator for nausea and vomiting is largely unsolved. A neurophysiological analysis of brain pathways provides an opportunity to more closely determine the neurobiology of nausea and vomiting and its prodromal signs (e.g., cold sweating, salivation).

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“…Both LiCl and GLP-1 produce similar physiological consequences, many of which are proxies of nausea/ malaise. These effects include a reduction in food intake (McCann et al, 1989;Tang-Christensen et al, 1996) and gastric emptying (McCann et al, 1989;Wettergren et al, 1993), generation of CTA (Nachman and Ashe, 1973;Thiele et al, 1997) and pica (Mitchell et al, 1976;Kanoski et al, 2012). GLP-1 antagonists have successfully been used to block the aversive-like behaviors (eg reduction in food intake, pica, CTA) induced by LiCl (Rinaman, 1999b;Seeley et al, 2000), indicating that these manifestations of LiCl are, at least in part, mediated through GLP-1R signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of rats (n = 8) were pretreated (after baseline and − 20 min relative to LiCl or vehicle injection) with the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39) (Ex-9, 100 μg/ml in 0.9% saline, 1 ml/kg, IP; American Peptides, Sunnyvale, CA). The dose of LiCl was chosen based on its ability to: 1) induce signs of visceral malaise (McCann et al, 1989;Meachum and Bernstein, 1992;Mitchell et al, 1976) and 2) condition a taste aversion with a single IP injection , and is therefore considered aversive. The peripheral dose of Ex-9 is at or above those demonstrated to potentiate feeding in rats under certain conditions (Turton et al, 1996;Williams et al, 2009).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal models, systemically delivered LiCl gives rise to indices of nausea/malaise that include hypophagia (McCann et al, 1989), delayed gastric emptying (McCann et al, 1989), lying-on belly behavior (Meachum and Bernstein, 1992) and pica (the ingestion of non-nutritive substances; Mitchell et al, 1976). Illness resulting from LiCl is also known to condition taste avoidance or aversion (CTA; Nachman and Ashe, 1973;Parker and Carvell, 1986;Spector et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Aversive Agent Lithium Chloride Suppresses Phasic Dopamine Release Through Central GLP-1 Receptors

Fortin

Chartoff

Roitman

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Unconditioned rewarding stimuli evoke phasic increases in dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) while discrete aversive stimuli elicit pauses in dopamine neuron firing and reductions in NAc dopamine concentration. The unconditioned effects of more prolonged aversive states on dopamine release dynamics are not well understood and are investigated here using the malaise-inducing agent lithium chloride (LiCl). We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure phasic increases in NAc dopamine resulting from electrical stimulation of dopamine cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Systemic LiCl injection reduced electrically evoked dopamine release in the NAc of both anesthetized and awake rats. As some behavioral effects of LiCl appear to be mediated through glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation, we hypothesized that the suppression of phasic dopamine by LiCl is GLP-1R dependent. Indeed, peripheral pretreatment with the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-9 (Ex-9) potently attenuated the LiCl-induced suppression of dopamine. Pretreatment with Ex-9 did not, however, affect the suppression of phasic dopamine release by the kappa-opioid receptor agonist, salvinorin A, supporting a selective effect of GLP-1R stimulation in LiCl-induced dopamine suppression. By delivering Ex-9 to either the lateral or fourth ventricle, we highlight a population of central GLP-1 receptors rostral to the hindbrain that are involved in the LiClmediated suppression of NAc dopamine release. Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41, 906-915;

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Poison induced pica in rats

Cited by 155 publications

References 27 publications

Amylin Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area is Physiologically Relevant for the Control of Food Intake

Amylin Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area is Physiologically Relevant for the Control of Food Intake

Why is the neurobiology of nausea and vomiting so important?

The Aversive Agent Lithium Chloride Suppresses Phasic Dopamine Release Through Central GLP-1 Receptors

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