Poisoning

Murphy, Lisa; Kagan, Rebecca

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67175-8_5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consultation with a veterinary toxicologist for advice on appropriate sample collection and handling should occur before beginning a postmortem examination. Several excellent resources are available to help guide sample collection in suspected poisoning cases (Gwaltney‐Brant, 2013, 2016; L. A. Murphy & Kagan, 2018). Unneeded samples can be discarded later; uncollected samples are gone forever.…”

Section: Animal Death Investigations At Vdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medico‐legal animal poisoning cases include accidental and intentional exposures (Gwaltney‐Brant, 2013, 2016; L. A. Murphy & Kagan, 2018). Malicious poisoning can lead to criminal charges, including animal cruelty and wildlife crimes, and has been documented in cattle, horses, dogs, cats, poultry, wildlife, and other species (Allen et al, 1996; Berny, 2007; Lockwood, Touroo, Olin, & Dolan, 2019; Pace, Turnquist, Casteel, Johnson, & Frankeny, 2016; Roma, Rossini, Riverso, Galiero, & Esposito, 2016; Tawde, Puschner, Albin, Stump, & Poppenga, 2012).…”

Section: Postmortem Veterinary Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postmortem veterinary toxicology: Animal death investigation and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory

Romano

Dorman

Gaskill

2020

WIREs Forensic Science

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Postmortem veterinary toxicology shares challenges with human postmortem toxicology, including the necessity of analyzing a wide variety of sometimes very degraded samples for many disparate compounds. In veterinary toxicology, additional factors must be considered to formulate an appropriate testing strategy for each case. Major qualitative and quantitative species differences in response to some toxicants result in different toxicological differential lists for a given clinical presentation. The animal's environment will also influence the types of xenobiotics to which it might be exposed. Diagnostic veterinary toxicologists are veterinary medical specialists who apply their knowledge of veterinary medicine, toxicology, and analytical chemistry, to formulate and interpret results of a toxicologic testing strategy in potential poisoning cases. Animal death investigations require collaboration between veterinary diagnostic laboratory personnel (e.g., veterinary pathologists, veterinary toxicologists, and analytical chemists), veterinary practitioners, and animal owners to successfully diagnose poisoning cases. This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Post‐Mortem Toxicology Toxicology > Plants and Poisons

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Section: Animal Death Investigations At Vdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postmortem Veterinary Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem veterinary toxicology: Animal death investigation and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory

Romano

Dorman

Gaskill

2020

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…Typical clinical symptoms of carbamate intoxication are, therefore, excessive salivation accompanied by frequent urination and defecation, muscle tremors, and ataxia, which can rapidly develop into convulsions. Early diagnosis does not guarantee survival and death may occur within minutes of ingestion, due to respiratory failure caused by dysfunction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Reversible Inhibitors: The Role of Oxamyl in the Production of Poisoned Baits

Biancardi

Aimo

Piazza

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Oxamyl is a highly toxic carbamate molecule with toxicological risk from contamination, used as an insecticide, nematicide, and acaricide on many field crops, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. Suspected poisoned animals and baits were collected between January 2018 and August 2021 from Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions and analyzed at the chemical toxicology laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, located in Brescia. The analyses were carried out by an ion trap GC-MS system in 2467 suspected samples and showed the presence of oxamyl in 67 of these. In this study, we analyzed 47 (out of 67) positive baits: the provinces in which more cases have been recorded are Mantua, Ferrara, and Cremona, which overall had 72% of positivity. The nature of the analyzed samples was mostly corn (55.3%), followed by bird carcasses (19.1%), apples (14.8%), meatballs (2.1%), bread (2.1%), and other (8.5%). The use of oxamyl to produce poisoned baits is constantly increasing, proving that it must be considered as a public health risk for the possible consequences on target and non-target organisms, including humans.

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“…ACh works in both central and peripheral nervous systems, including neuromuscular junctions. When ACh is not degraded, it continues to depolarize post-synaptic membranes, resulting in the prolonged overstimulation of the nervous system and skeletal muscles [ 7 ]. Clinical signs of pesticide poisoning include diarrhea, vomiting, excessive salivation, miosis, airway constriction, bradycardia, frequent urination, muscle tremors, seizures, respiratory failure and death [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ACh is not degraded, it continues to depolarize post-synaptic membranes, resulting in the prolonged overstimulation of the nervous system and skeletal muscles [ 7 ]. Clinical signs of pesticide poisoning include diarrhea, vomiting, excessive salivation, miosis, airway constriction, bradycardia, frequent urination, muscle tremors, seizures, respiratory failure and death [ 7 ]. The development of the described signs depends on the pesticide dose and the animal’s size, age, species and overall health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Optimization, and Validation of Forensic Analytical Method for Quantification of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Biological Matrices from Suspected Cases of Animal Poisoning

Fukushima

Peña-Muñoz²,

Leoni³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Anticholinesterase pesticides are a main cause of the intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticholinesterases include several substances that cause the overstimulation of both central and peripheral acetylcholine-dependent neurotransmission. Forensic analyses of poisoning cases require high levels of expertise, are costly, and often do not provide reliable quantitative information for unambiguous conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a method of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) for the identification and quantitation of n-methyl carbamates, organophosphates and respective metabolites from biological samples of animals that were suspected of poisoning. HPLC–DAD is reliable, fast, simplistic and cost-effective. The method was validated for biological samples obtained from stomach contents, liver, vitreous humor and blood from four different animal species. The validation of the method was achieved using the following analytical parameters: linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, recovery, and matrix effect. The method showed linearity at the range of 25–500 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r2) values were >0.99 for all matrices. Precision and accuracy were determined by the (a) coefficient of variation (CV), (b) relative standard deviation low-quality control (LQC), (c) medium-quality control (QCM), and (d) high-quality control (QCA). The indicated parameters were all less than 15%. The recovery of analytes ranged from 31 to 71%. The analysis of results showed no significant interfering peaks due to common xenobiotics or matrix effects. The abovementioned method was used to positively identify pesticide analytes in 44 of the 51 animal samples that were suspected of poisoning, demonstrating its usefulness as a forensic tool.

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Poisoning

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Postmortem veterinary toxicology: Animal death investigation and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory

Postmortem veterinary toxicology: Animal death investigation and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Reversible Inhibitors: The Role of Oxamyl in the Production of Poisoned Baits

Development, Optimization, and Validation of Forensic Analytical Method for Quantification of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Biological Matrices from Suspected Cases of Animal Poisoning

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