Poisoning by Brachiaria brizantha in flocks of naïve and experienced sheep

Faccin, Tatiane Cargnin; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Rodrigues, Fernando S.; Santos, Ariany Carvalho dos; Melo, Gleice Kelli Ayardes de; Silva, Jonilson A.; Ferreira, Rubiane; Ítavo, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.008

Cited by 36 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The consumption of this forage by different farm animal species is associated with toxicosis being sheep and cattle the most susceptible ) and younger stock are more susceptible than mature animals (Albernaz et al 2010, Mustafa et al 2012. Furthermore, sheep from herds that never had contact with brachiaria species are more susceptible than sheep raised with free access to the plant (Lemos et al 1996, Castro et al 2007, Oliveira et al 2012, Faccin et al 2014. It is possible that animals raised in brachiaria pastures develop greater capacity in metabolize and degrade the steroidal saponin, the toxic principle of this type of grass (Castro et al 2007) and/or development of a special ruminal flora (Albernaz et al 2010) that make them able to reduce the effects of the toxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affected animals show apathy, anorexia, icterus, skin pruritus, photophobia, serous ocular discharge, subcutaneous edema in the face and ears; in the skin of poorly pigmented areas there are lesions characterized by erythema, hair loss, and crusts. These areas evolve to necrosis and sloughing of patchy areas of affected skin, associated in many cases to deformity of the ears due to scarring of these lesions (Brum et al 2007, Saturnino et al 2010, Albernaz et al 2010, Mustafa et al 2012, Oliveira et al 2012, Faccin et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main necropsy findings include icterus, enlarged yellow to orange discolored liver with marked lobular pattern, and distended gall bladder (Brum et al 2007, Castro et al 2007, Albernaz et al 2010, Mustafa et al 2012, Oliveira et al 2012, Faccin et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the portal triads there is periportal fibrosis, acicular birefringent crystals within bile ducts, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate (Brum et al 2007, Castro et al 2007, Albernaz et al 2010, Mustafa et al 2012, Oliveira et al 2012, Faccin et al 2014. Skin lesions are characterized by hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, epidermal coagulative necrosis, necrotic debris, bacterial clumps, neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis of the dermal vessels (Lemos et al 1996, Faccin et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these are use as forage of less toxic (lower content of saponins) species o Brachiaria, like B. brizantha and B. humidicola (Riet-Correa & Medeiros 2001 in which the concentrations of protodioscin are respectively 0,84% ±0,28 and 0,11% ±0,02 (Barbosa-Ferreira et al 2011). However this is not completely safe since B. brizantha may, at times, accumulate concentrations of saponins high enough to cause intoxication in sheep (Albernaz et al 2010, Faccin et al 2014). An alternative measure of control is the identification of animals resistant to the intoxication by Brachiaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

et al. 2016

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This study was designed to assess the influence of genetic resistance against brachiaria poisoning in sheep. Two groups of sheep, one identified as susceptible (formed by two ewes and one ram) and the other as resistant against brachiaria poisoning (formed by three ewes and one ram) were selected. Sheep considered susceptible were those that presented clinical signs of brachiaria poisoning at any time of their life; resistant sheep were those that even raised on Brachiaria spp. pastures, did not developed any sign of the poisoning during their life. The offspring of the two flocks (15 lambs from the sensitive flock and 9 lambs from the resistant flock) were placed into brachiaria pasture (initially Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha,and only B. decumbens after weaning) and followed up during two years (2013)(2014). The determination of protodioscin levels in B. decumbens pasture was performed only in 2014 and revealed significant amounts of the toxic principle. Eleven lambs of the susceptible group were affected to some degree of brachiaria poisoning and six died; no lamb of the resistant group was affected. Clinical signs consisted of varying degrees of subcutaneous edema of the face and, erythema and loss of hair of the ears, crusts on the skin of ears, around the eyes and on planum nasale, scar deformation of the ears, and bilateral ocular discharge; affected lambs also sought for shadowy shelters and they were poor doers. Several sheep recovered from the condition and then relapsed. Necropsy findings in six lambs included pale mucous membranes, emaciation, dermatitis, scar deformation of the ears, large yellow livers with marked lobular pattern, and moderate infestation by Haemonchus contortus. Histologically the liver lesions were similar in all necropsied lambs but with varying degrees of severity; they were consistent with brachiaria poisoning and included architectural disruption of hepatocellular trabecula, clusters of foamy macrophages occasionally forming multinucleated giant cells, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, crystals or negative images of crystals in the biliary system, bilestasis, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in portal triads. The skin lesions were those of photodermatitis and included epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The results of this study allow to conclude that there is a genetic related resistance to brachiaria poisoning in sheep since the progeny of resistant sheep did not manifest the poisoning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

et al. 2016

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Chemical Characterization and Phytotoxic Effects of the Aerial Parts of Ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis)

Moreno

Mantovanelli

Ricardo

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Studies of the phytotoxic effects between plants can be a crucial tool in the discovery of innovative compounds with herbicide potential. In this sense, we can highlight ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), which is traditionally used in the crop rotation system in order to reduce weed emergence. The aim of this work was to characterize the secondary metabolites of ruzigrass and to evaluate its phytotoxic effects. In total, eight compounds were isolated: friedelin, oleanolic acid, α‐amyrin, 1‐dehydrodiosgenone, sitosterol and stigmasterol glycosides, tricin and p‐coumaric acid. Phytotoxic effects of the crude methanolic extract and fractions of ruzigrass were assessed using germination rate, initial seedling growth, and biomass of Bidens pilosa, Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea grandifolia. Chemometric analysis discriminated the weed species into three groups, and B. pilosa was the most affected by fractions of ruzigrass. The phytotoxic activities of 1‐dehydrodiosgenone, tricin, and p‐coumaric acid are also reported, and p‐coumaric acid and 1‐dehydrodiosgenone were active against B. pilosa.

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Can treatment of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Chung

Michael

Nobilly

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.

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Poisoning by Brachiaria brizantha in flocks of naïve and experienced sheep

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

Chemical Characterization and Phytotoxic Effects of the Aerial Parts of Ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis)

Can treatment of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

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