Poisonous Plants of the United States

Panter, Kip E.; Welch, Kevin D.; Gardner, Dale R.; Lee, Steven T.; Green, Ben T.; Pfister, James A.; Cook, Daniel; Davis, T. Zane; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811410-0.00061-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, the accidental intake of small quantities of SJ over a long period can lead to PA accumulation in liver tissue and may induce severe chronical intoxication such as seneciosis in farm animals [4,6]. The most common clinical symptoms of chronic PA intoxication include icterus, photodermatitis, neurological deficits, and ataxia [6][7][8][9]. In recent years, SJ has increasingly spread due to the following factors: 1) increase in fallow land, 2) increased nitrogen deposition in the air, 3) purpose seeding in roadside greenery, and 4) climate changes such as drought [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea L. in hay

et al. 2022

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Background Senecio jacobaea contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can induce severe hepatic intoxication in horses, either acute when ingested in high amounts or chronic when consumed over a long period. The aim of this study was to determine horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea in hay when fed ad libitum. We hypothesized that adult horses can sort Senecio jacobaea out of the contaminated hay when hay is fed ad libitum. Six warmblood geldings with a mean (±SD) age of 15 ± 2 years were included. In a randomized study, Senecio jacobaea contaminated hay (5% or 10% contamination level) was provided at several timepoints over the day for 1 hour to six. Hay was provided ad libitum for the rest of the day. The horses’ rejection behaviour towards Senecio jacobaea was observed. If a horse ingested two Senecio jacobaea plants twice at different timepoints, then the horse was excluded from the experiment. Results Two out of six horses had to be excluded from the study after three out of 12 observation periods due to repeated Senecio jacobaea intake. Two other horses had to be excluded after nine and 11 out of 12 observation periods. Only two horses were able to sort out the various amounts (5 and 10% contamination level) of Senecio jacobaea during the whole experiment. Conclusions Horses’ intake of Senecio jacobaea cannot be avoided despite being fed with hay ad libitum. Due to the risk of chronic intoxication by pyrrolizidine alkaloids intake, feeding Senecio jacobaea contaminated hay must be avoided, and pastures with Senecio jacobaea growth are considered inappropriate for feed production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea L. in hay

et al. 2022

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“…Locoweeds are those species of Astragalus which contain swainsonine (the "loco" toxin) which induces neurological dysfunction or "locoism" (Panter et al 2012) in some organisms that ingest them. These species are distributed almost throughout the planet.…”

Section: Importance Of the Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

Phytotaxa

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Astragalus is the most diverse genus within flowering plants with almost 2500 species, it is widely distributed around the world, very abundant in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in central and western Asia, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan, central Asia, Europe, Mongolia, Siberia, northeastern China, and Japan. In the American continent it is especially abundant in Canada, western United States, Mexico, and South America. Given the diversity of Astragalus species present in Mexico, the recent description of at least 15 new species for this country, the absence of a recent study that encompasses all the new findings and that the last general study for Mexico dates back almost 60 years, we consider necessary a new taxonomic synopsis that encompasses all the new information, which is presented here. The study records 102 species of Astragalus in Mexico. This work is based essentially on the review of collections of specimen samples, type specimens in national and foreign herbaria, data bases, and the collection of specimens of this genus by the authors in the last 40 years and that covers practically the entire area where this genus is distributed in Mexico. In this study we recorded 102 species and 46 infraspecific taxa; seventy one species and 17 varieties are endemic to Mexico. Baja California (32), Chihuahua (25), Durango (23), Sonora ( 22), Coahuila (20), San Luis Potosí ( 17), Nuevo León (17), and Zacatecas (15) are the states with the greatest species richness. In Mexico, the diversity of Astragalus species decreases from north to south and from west to east. Most of the species of Astragalus in Mexico are distributed in the mountains, followed by low and arid plains, including coastal dunes, those last ones, exclusively of the northwestern region. There are no records of any Astragalus species in Campeche, Tabasco, Quintana Roo or Yucatan. The dichotomous keys are based mainly on the color of flowers, the shape of the pod and if the fruit is sessile or stipitate. For each species is included also a morphological description, habitat, altitudinal range, and distribution map.

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“…This trend of choosing varied colored cardboards used, may be interpreted as a consequence of their evolutionary way of perceiving things. They have learned to move away from certain colors, as they can be dangerous for them (Hall and Cassaday, 2006;Panter et al, 2018). It is well known that the olfactory and gustatory apparatus have a great role in choosing the food for these mammals, while the sense of visual inspection is less important (Berg et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Experiments 2 Evaluated the Pairing Of A Colored Cardboa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses’ Senses Involvement in Food Location and Selection

Culda¹,

Stermin²

2019

BUASVMCN-ASB

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Senses are an important part of the interaction with the environment. Previous studies has been established that horses use smell and taste in the selection of their food. The involvement of sight in the selection process has not been clarified up to this study. Here, we investigate the involvement of senses in the selection process of food, also the proportion in which, each senses are involved and we evaluate the horses preferences for different colors. Two experiments have been designed and carried out with two racing horses The results obtained have demonstrated that the sight is the main sense in the location of the food, followed by the sense of olfactory organ involved in selecting plants ingested and the sense of taste which contributes less to the selection. There has also been identified a preference of the envolved horses for the pink color used in this experiment.

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Poisonous Plants of the United States

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea L. in hay

Horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea L. in hay

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Horses’ Senses Involvement in Food Location and Selection

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