Pola makan, rasio lingkar pinggang pinggul (RLPP) dan tekanan darah di Puskesmas Mergangsan Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: Dietary pattern has changed in almost all over the world that nowadays people consume high fat and low fiber diet. These changes are responsible for the increased obesity problems in community. Ratio between waist circumference and hip circumference could become an indicator for android obesity. This type of obesity has a stronger relationship with increasing risk factor of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, compared to gynecoid type obesity.Objective: To identify relationship between dietary pattern and waist hip circumference ratio with blood pressure at Mergangsan Primary Health Care Yogyakarta.Method: This was an observational research with cross sectional study, held at November 2008. Research population was all adult patients came to Mergangsan Primary Health Care. Independent variable including dietary pattern and hip waist circumference ratio (RLPP), and blood pressure as dependent variable. Characteristic sample data were collected using questionnaire and interview, data of waist–hip circumference ratio were collected using metlin (accuracy 0.1 cm), data of blood pressure were measured with sphygmomanometer, and data of dietary patterns were collected using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQS). Samples were taken with judgmental technique sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio.Results: Percentage samples that consumed carbohydrate source diet frequently was 91.1%, whereas samples that consumed animal and plant diet served were 71 % and 88.9%; vegetables and fruits 65.6% and 52.5%, 78.9% samples seldom consumed milk, 92.2% frequently consumed oil and others consumed frequently 90%. Female samples with obesity nutritional status were 55.6%. Mean value of waist hip circumference ratio were 1.03 ± 0.13 and 0.88 ± 0.1 for male and female, respectively. Dietary pattern of some foods and blood pressure showed significant relationship, that were vegetables (p = 0.003; OR = 0.194), fruits (p = 0.00, OR = 1.17), milk (p = 0.010; OR 5.76), and others (p = 0.047; OR 5.76). Waist hip circumference ratio also had significant relationship with blood pressure (p = 0.009).Conclusion: There were significant relationships between dietary pattern of vegetables, fruits, milk, and others with blood pressure. Waist hip circumference ratio also had significant relationship with blood pressure.

Perbedaan Indikator-Indikator Obesitas Pada Lansia Hipertensi Dan Non-Hipertensi

“…Dari beberapa penelitian juga diketahui bahwa tekanan darah diketahui berhubungan dengan IMT, lingkar pinggang dan rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul (RLPP). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Peningkatan IMT, lingkar pinggang dan RLPP yang melebihi nilai normal diketahui dapat meningkatkan angka mortalitas 12 dan morbiditas 13 beberapa penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes mellitus, kanker termasuk hipertensi. Apabila peningkatan risiko dapat teramati oleh diri sendiri lebih dini, penanganan lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan segera sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu mengontrol atau bahkan menurunkan prevalensi hipertensi.…”

“…8,9,15,16 Namun, untuk lingkar pinggang dan RLPP menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara respoden dengan hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi (nilai p< 0,05) dan sejalan dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. [5][6][7] Hasil ini cukup menarik mengingat yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah bukan karena kelebihan lemak tetapi lebih ke lokasi penumpukan lemak itu sendiri. Penumpukan lemak di sekitar perut yang akan meningkatkan tekanan darah.…”

PENGARUH FAKTOR UMUR, RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG DAN PANGGUL (RLPP) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA USIA LANJUT (Studi di Posyandu Kenanga Puskesmas Cempaka Putih)

“…Seperti penelitian oleh Emitasari, dkk, 2009 yang menyatakan ada hubungan pola makan dari beberapa makanan seperti buah, susu, terhadap hipertensi. Begitu pula penelitiaan Nila Sari et.al menyatakan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan natrium dengan tekanan darah (12,13).…”

Studi validasi indeks massa tubuh dan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul terhadap profil lipid pada pasien rawat jalan di Poli Jantung RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

“…Rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul merupakan suatu indikasi adanya obesitas sentral/android atau juga disebut obesitas abdominal. Obesitas ini erat kaitannya dengan meningkatnya risiko penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), hipertensi, dan diabetes mellitus (DM) (5). 123 Selain antropometri, terdapat metode biokimia yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai status gizi (4).…”

“…Penelitian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi RLPP, maka tekanan darah cenderung meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa RLPP merupakan indeks yang baik untuk mendeteksi hipertensi (5).…”