Polar Code application areas in the Arctic

Karahalil, Meric; Özsoy, Burcu; Oktar, Ozgun

doi:10.1007/s13437-020-00200-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some sea ice areas which pose a structural risk to ships have been excluded in the PC. For instance, these areas are the North Atlantic Ocean to part of the Norwegian Sea along the shore of Norway and the adjacent part of the Barents Sea to the Kola Peninsula in Russia [47] (p. 219). It is worth affirming that the PC adapts to the latest polar navigation demand and natural environment by constantly improving itself.…”

Section: The Field Of Arctic Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our common future, the international community has further explored the concept of sustainable development, including the World Bank [8] (p. 8) and economist Herman Daly [9] (pp. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. In 1991, the book Caring for the Earth-A Strategy for Sustainable Living edited by the International Union for Conservation of Nature further proposed a concept of sustainable development: improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems [10] (p. 10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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China’s Engagement in Arctic Governance for Its Sustainable Development Based on International Law Perspective

Jing-feng

Zhu

2023

Sustainability

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With climate change, melting sea ice and snow in the Arctic increase the probability that states engage in activities there. The prosperity of Arctic activities serves as a reminder to the international community that the issue of Arctic governance must be prioritised to avoid Arctic unsustainable development. As a major stakeholder besides the Arctic states, it is necessary to study China’s role in Arctic governance for its sustainable development to provide a reference for the diplomatic decision-making of other states. The paper selects international law as a perspective. It discusses China’s engagement in the development of international law related to the theme from the global, regional, and bilateral/multilateral levels. At the global level, China’s national role is characterized by engaging in global governance under the international rule of law for guarding the international order based on international law. At the regional level, China maintains the role of supporting and engaging in the Arctic Council, both before and after its establishment. At the bilateral and multilateral levels, China, as an Arctic stakeholder pursuing cooperation, has achieved many cooperation results. The paper holds that under China’s national roles, China’s engagement has affected the development of international law referred to the theme to some extent.

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Section: The Field Of Arctic Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Engagement in Arctic Governance for Its Sustainable Development Based on International Law Perspective

Jing-feng

Zhu

2023

Sustainability

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“… the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) with its focus on safety requirements (Anderson III, 2012);  the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) MARPOL 73/78 (Vidas, 2000), with its focus on environmental protection (Palma et al, 2019); and  the IMO's Polar Code, with its focus on technical requirements for ships and crew sailing in polar waters (Dalaklis et al, 2016;Deggim, 2018;Karahalil et al, 2020;Liggett & Stewart, 2020).…”

Section: Polar Tourism Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

The future of sustainable polar ship-based tourism

Liggett¹,

Cajiao²,

Lamers³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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Over the last couple of decades, polar tourism has significantly grown in the number of visitors and diversified in terms of the tourism activities offered. The COVID-19 pandemic brought polar tourism to a halt and has prompted researchers, operators and policy-makers alike to reflect on how Arctic and Antarctic tourism have developed, how they are being managed and governed and, importantly, how tourism operators influence polar socio-ecological systems. Given the dominance of ship-based tourism over other types of tourism in the Polar Regions, we discuss the cornerstones of how polar ship-based tourism has developed over the last 50 years and explore the relevant international and regional governance regimes in this article. We identify which positive and negative biophysical, socio-cultural and economic impacts arising from polar tourism have been identified by researchers. It is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle impacts caused by tourism alone from those that result from the interactions of multiple pressures at all levels (local, regional and global), and more research is needed to develop reliable and effective indicators to monitor tourism impacts. In addition, a better understanding is needed about the role tourist experiences might play in potentially encouraging long-term positive behavioural changes among visitors to the Polar Regions. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an important opportunity to review polar tourism development and management, and to ask whether an emphasis should be placed on ‘degrowth’ of the sector in the future.

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A discussion on the implementation of the Polar Code and the STCW Convention’s training requirements for ice navigation in polar waters

Engtrø

2022

J Transp Secur

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In 2017, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) implemented the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), with mandatory requirements covering the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. In this conjunction, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) were amended in 2018. New training requirements were made applicable for dedicated personnel in charge of a navigational watch on ships with a Polar Ship Certificate (PSC) operating in polar waters. In association with the new training requirements amending the STCW Convention, the IMO, and Transport Canada (flag state authority) signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2017, for Canada to develop and deliver four regional capacity-building “train-the-trainer” workshops. The objectives of these events were to assist maritime education and training (MET) institutes in enhancing the skills and competence of instructors, to develop competence-based STCW training programs, for dedicated personnel on ships operating in polar waters. This paper examines the first workshop conducted in Canada (2019), to understand the mechanisms in the interaction taking place between the IMO and the Canadian workshop developers and instructors, using the System Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). Individual expert interviews are performed, with the main contributors directly involved in developing and conducting the workshop, to evaluate the event’s contribution to improving and specifying the STCW Convention’s training requirements, as referenced in the Polar Code, for seafarers operating in polar waters.

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Polar Code application areas in the Arctic

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

China’s Engagement in Arctic Governance for Its Sustainable Development Based on International Law Perspective

China’s Engagement in Arctic Governance for Its Sustainable Development Based on International Law Perspective

The future of sustainable polar ship-based tourism

A discussion on the implementation of the Polar Code and the STCW Convention’s training requirements for ice navigation in polar waters

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