Polar lipid characterization and description of Chryseobacterium capnotolerans sp. nov., isolated from high CO2-containing atmosphere and emended descriptions of the genus Chryseobacterium, and the species C. balustinum, C. daecheongense, C. formosense, C. gleum, C. indologenes, C. joostei, C. scophthalmum and C. ureilyticum

Abstract

Modified atmosphere (MA) packaging plays an important role in improving food quality and safety. By using different gas mixtures and packaging materials the shelf life of fresh produce can significantly be increased. A Gram-negative-staining, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented strain DH-B6T, has been isolated from MA packed raw pork sausage (20% CO2, 80% O2). The strain produced biofilms and showed growth at high CO2 levels of up to 40%. Complete 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain DH-B6T belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium , being closely related to strain Chryseobacterium indologenes DSM 16777T (98.4%), followed by Chryseobacterium gleum NCTC11432T (98.3%) and Chryseobacterium lactis KC1864T (98.2%). Average nucleotide identity value between DH-B6T and C. indologenes DSM 16777T was 81.1% and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation was 24.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 35.51 mol%. Chemotaxonomical analysis revealed the presence of the rare glycine lipid cytolipin, the serine-glycine lipid flavolipin and the sulfonolipid sulfobacin A, as well as phosphatidylethanolamine, monohexosyldiacylglycerol and ornithine lipid, including the hydroxylated forms. Major fatty acids were iC15 : 0 (50.7%) and iC17 : 1 cis 9 (28.7%), followed by iC15 : 0 2-OH (7.0%) and iC17 : 0 3-OH (6.2%). The isolated strain contained MK-6 as the only respiratory quinone and flexirubin-like pigments were detected as the major pigments. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, the strain DH-B6T (=DSM 110542T=LMG 31915T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium capnotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. Emended descriptions of the genus Chryseobacterium and eight species of this genus based on polar lipid characterisation are also proposed.

Comparative Lipidomics of Oral Commensal and Opportunistic Bacteria

“…As described by previous studies [45][46][47]51], Gly-Ser lipids were monitored in Gramnegative Bacteroidetes bacteria in this study. The rank order of Gly-Ser-FAHFA lipids in P. gingivalis was 32:0 > 31:0 > 30:0 > 33:0 > 34:0 > 28:0 (Table 3 and Supplementary Tables).…”

Kaistella rhinocerotis sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of rhinoceros and reclassification of Chryseobacterium faecale as Kaistella faecalis comb. nov.

“…*Indicates the parameters analysed in this study. †Data from: a, Son et al [10]; b, Chaudhary et al [13]; c, Hantsis-Zacharov et al [34]; d, Kim et al [1]; e, Holmes et al [35]; f, Heidler von Heilborn et al [36]; g, Meng et al [37]; h, Zhao et al [38].…”

Circular genomes of two bacterial strains capable of growing in a CO 2 -containing atmosphere

“…The Gram-positive bacterial strains Brochothrix thermosphacta DH-B18 and Rathayibacter sp. DH-RSZ4 were isolated from raw sausage and escalope samples, respectively, by cutting and homogenizing 10 g of sample material with 90 mL Ringer’s solution (Merck, Germany) and plating a suspension of 100 µL on tryptic soy agar (TSA), as described earlier ( 2 ). The strains were cultivated on TSA at 10 and 30°C.…”

“…The strains were cultivated on TSA at 10 and 30°C. The mentioned samples of origin were stored and packed under high-CO 2 -containing modified atmospheres before, and the isolates were tested for growth at 20% CO 2 and 80% O 2 , as previously done ( 2 ). Both strains were selected due to their presence in food samples and their capnotolerance and psychrotolerance.…”