Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels

Abstract

Cereal Chem. 87(5):467-474Oat (Avena sativa L.) kernels appear to contain much higher polar lipid concentrations than other plant tissues. We have extracted, identified, and quantified polar lipids from 18 oat genotypes grown in replicated plots in three environments to determine genotypic or environmental variation in these lipids. Validation experiments indicated a solid phase silica gel extraction step elution provided excellent and clean separation of extracted lipids into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. Analysis of phospholipids by HPLC (normal phase, diol column) indicated phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lyso-forms but very little genotypic or environmental variation. Di, tri and tetragalactosyl-diacylglycerols were quantified in the glycolipids, along with their mono-, di-, and triacyl estolides. Most of these exhibited significant genotypic variation. Molecular species analysis of the glycolipids in the Morton cultivar by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the enormous diversity of galactosyl-lipids in oats. Analyses indicated total lipid of ≈8.3% (dry weight basis), of which ≈10% was phospholipid and 11% was glycolipids. These results indicate that oats are a rich source of polar lipids and contain an extremely rich diversity of galactosyl-lipids.

Detailed Composition Analyses of Diverse Oat Genotype Kernels Grown in Different Environments in North Dakota

“…Williston in 2006 had the lowest environmental oil concentration mean, and Fargo in 2005 had the highest (Table II). Results from Doehlert et al (2010b) indicated that the total lipid was composed of about 79% neutral lipid, 10% phospholipid, and 11% glycolipid. Doehlert et al (2010b) also provided a detailed analysis of the polar lipid composition in samples from the three 2005 environments analyzed in this study.…”

“…The 18:1 and 18:2 fatty acids were the most abundant, and together with the 16:0 fatty acid made up over 90% of the total. We did not quantify oxygenated fatty acids, and these may have constituted up to 5% of the total (Doehlert et al 2010b).…”

Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.): Oil and Nutriment Compounds Valorization for Potential Use in Industrial Applications

“…In fact, using high-performance scattering detector HPLC-ELSD , Aro et al 85 found the same PC content. Also, Doehlert et al 86 characterized the polar lipids fraction from oat kernels by HPLC-ELSD.…”

Current Knowledge of Content and Composition of Oat Oil—Future Perspectives of Oat as Oil Source

“…The glycolipid content of oat oil ranges from 7 to 12%. Oat oil obtained by extraction of oat flour with hexane or ethanol contains a very high level of DGDG and is the most common glycolipid found in oat seeds (Andersson et al 1997;Doehlert et al 2010;Moreau et al 2008). Welch reports that oat glycolipids have viscosity-reducing properties and are therefore used as emulsifiers in chocolate products (Welch 1977).…”