Polar pollutants in municipal wastewater and the water cycle: Occurrence and removal of benzotriazoles

Reemtsma, Thorsten; Miehe, Ulf; Duennbier, Uwe; Jekel, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.016

Cited by 246 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They can only be partly removed from wastewater during the treatment process (23%-85%) and have high stability in surface waters (Giger et al, 2006;Reemtsma et al, 2010;Kahle et al, 2009;Heeb et al, 2012). In this study, BT and MBT occurred in the Yangtze River in concentration ranges of 19 to 67 ng/L and 7 to 29 ng/L, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Benzotriazolementioning

confidence: 66%

“…Benzotriazole (BT) and 4-/5-methyl-benzotriazole (MBT) are "emerging contaminants" that are used as corrosion inhibitors in WWTPs' effluent and receiving waters (Voutsa et al, 2006;Giger et al, 2006;Reemtsma et al, 2010). They can only be partly removed from wastewater during the treatment process (23%-85%) and have high stability in surface waters (Giger et al, 2006;Reemtsma et al, 2010;Kahle et al, 2009;Heeb et al, 2012).…”

Section: Benzotriazolementioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Müller

Pernet-Coudrier

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

109

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• The Yangtze River drains 40% of China's mainland with 400 million inhabitants • Monthly concentrations and annual loads of organic pollutants were determined • Seasonality of loads of PAHs, most pesticides, and antiinfectives were concise • In spite of low concentrations due to high water discharge, pollutant loads are considerable a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Twenty percent of the water run-off from China's land surface drains into the Yangtze River and carries the sewage of approximately 400 million people out to sea. The lower stretch of the Yangtze therefore offers the opportunity to assess the pollutant discharge of a huge population. To establish a comprehensive assessment of micropollutants, river water samples were collected monthly from May 2009 to June 2010 along a crosssection at the lowermost hydrological station of the Yangtze River not influenced by the tide (Datong Station, Anhui province). Following a prescreening of 268 target compounds, we examined the occurrence, seasonal variation, and annual loads of 117 organic micropollutants, including 51 pesticides, 43 pharmaceuticals, 7 household and industrial chemicals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). During the 14-month study, the maximum concentrations of particulate PAHs (1-5 μg/g), pesticides (11-284 ng/L), pharmaceuticals (5-224 ng/L), and household and industrial chemicals (4-430 ng/L) were generally lower than in other Chinese rivers due to the dilution caused of the Yangtze River's average water discharge of approximately 30,000 m 3 /s. The loads of most pesticides, anti-infectives, and PAHs were higher in the wet season compared to the dry season, which was attributed to the increased agricultural application of chemicals in the summer, an elevated water discharge through the sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as a result of high hydraulic loads and the related lower treatment efficiency, and seasonally increased deposition from the atmosphere and runoff from the catchment. The estimated annual load of PAHs in the river accounted for some 4% of the total emission of PAHs in the whole Yangtze Basin. Furthermore, by using sucralose as a tracer for domestic wastewater, we estimate a daily disposal of approximately 47 million m 3 of sewage into the river, corresponding to 1.8% of its average hydraulic load. In summary, the annual amounts flushed by the Yangtze River into the East China Sea were 2.9 × 10 6 tons of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), 369 tons of PAHs, 98 tons of pesticides, 152 tons of pharmaceuticals, and 273 tons of household and industrial chemicals. While the concentrations seem comparably moderate, the pollutant loads are considerable and pose an increasing burden to the health of the marine coastal ecosystem.

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Section: Benzotriazolementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Benzotriazolementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Müller

Pernet-Coudrier

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

109

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“…However, some OMPs such as the anti-corrosion agent benzotriazole or the anti-epileptic carbamazepine are not fully removed during BF [6,7]. Scheurer et al [8] reported that the artificial sweeteners acesulfame and sucralose were persistent in monitored SAT basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Accumulated Particulate Organic Matter on Oxygen Consumption and Organic Micro-Pollutant Elimination in Bank Filtration and Soil Aquifer Treatment

Filter

Jekel

Ruhl

2017

Water

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Bank filtration (BF) and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) are efficient natural technologies in potable water reuse systems. The removal of many organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) depends on redox-conditions in the subsoil, especially on the availability of molecular oxygen. Due to microbial transformation of particulate and dissolved organic constituents, oxygen can be consumed within short flow distances and induce anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The effect of accumulated particulate organic carbon (POC) on the fate of OMPs in BF and SAT systems is not fully understood. Long-term column experiments with natural sediment cores from the bank of Lake Tegel and from a SAT basin were conducted to investigate the impact of accumulated POC on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, on oxygen consumption, on mobilization of iron and manganese, and on the elimination of the organic indicator OMPs. The cores were fed with aerated tap water spiked with OMPs to exclude external POC inputs. Complete oxygen consumption within the first infiltration decimeter in lake sediments caused mobilization of iron, manganese, and DOC. Redox-sensitive OMPs like diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, formylaminoantipyrine, and gabapentin were eliminated by more than 50% in all sediment cores, but slightly higher residual concentrations were measured in effluents from lake sediments, indicating a negative impact of a high oxygen consumption on OMP removal.

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“…Due to their incomplete removal and discharge of effluents, BTs have been reported in various aquatic environments. The concentration levels of BTs ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 mg/L in drinking water samples (van Leerdam et al, 2009) and between 0.1 and 6.3 mg/L in surface waters (Giger et al, 2006) as well as 0.8e18 mg/L in effluents of sewage treatment plants (Weiss and Reemtsma, 2005;Weiss et al, 2006;Reemtsma et al, 2010). 1H-Benzotriazole (BT) has been listed as one of the most widely detected polar organic pollutants in European surface water and ground water during pan-European reconnaissance (Loos et al, 2009(Loos et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics modeling and reaction mechanism of ferrate(VI) oxidation of benzotriazoles

et al. 2011

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Polar pollutants in municipal wastewater and the water cycle: Occurrence and removal of benzotriazoles

Cited by 246 publications

References 27 publications

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Impacts of Accumulated Particulate Organic Matter on Oxygen Consumption and Organic Micro-Pollutant Elimination in Bank Filtration and Soil Aquifer Treatment

Kinetics modeling and reaction mechanism of ferrate(VI) oxidation of benzotriazoles

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