Polarization Fading Suppression for Optical Fiber Sensing: A Review

Lin, Xiao; Wang, Yu; Li, Yan; Bai, Qing; Liu, Xin; Jin, Baoquan

doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3161075

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…One option is to use a polarimeter to measure the current polarization state or to use a PBS to directly detect polarization changes. As we are designing our system to provide cost-effective security for a physical layer, it is more suitable and cheaper to use a polarization splitter to split the beam and then detect two separate orthogonal planes using a BPD [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Ruzicka

Jabloncik

Dejdar

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Fiber-optic network infrastructures are crucial for the transmission of data over long and short distances. Fiber optics are also preferred for the infrastructure of in-building data communications. In this study, we use polarization analysis to ensure the security of the optical fiber/cables of the physical layer. This method exploits the changes induced by mechanical vibrations to polarization states, which can be easily detected using a polarization beam splitter and a balancing photodetector. We use machine learning to classify selected events that violate the safety of the physical layer, such as manipulation or temporary disconnection of connectors. The results show the resting state can be accurately distinguished from selected security breaches for a fiber route subjected to environmental disturbances, where individual events can be classified with nearly 99% accuracy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Ruzicka

Jabloncik

Dejdar

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Regardless of tracking speed, an MZI can rotate the input LO of any SOP to the target position. Here, the photoelectric field of input LO can also be denoted as Equation (3). After being controlled by a two-stage MZI controller, the two output polarized lights can be represented as…”

Section: Mach-zehnder Interferometer-based Polarization Control Struc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So a large linewidth laser with low power consumption can be used at the transceiver [2]. However, in the SHC optical communication system, random polarization state rotation will occur in LO transmission through optical fiber, and the rotated LO may experience power attenuation in a certain polarization state (such as the X polarization state), which cannot guarantee successful demodulation by the coherent receiver [3]. Therefore, the integrated coherent receiver (ICR) in the SHC system should be tailored for DC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Controller Based on Variable-Step Greedy Linear Descent for Self-Homodyne Coherent Transmission Systems

Fang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Photonics

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A self-homodyne coherent (SHC) transmission system that has a good prospect in terms of short-reach interconnections can simplify digital signal processing (DSP) and reduce the power consumption of laser diodes. However, the polarization control of the carrier becomes a pivotal part of these systems, and different from the traditional polarization control on a certain state of polarization (SOP), it only needs to lock the two polarization lights after the polarization beam splitter (PBS) in a state of equal power. Half-wave plates or Mach–Zehnder interferometers can accomplish the above goals. In order to evaluate the performance of these polarization control structures in the SHC system, we modeled them on the basis of theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a variable-step greedy linear descent (GLD) algorithm is proposed to solve the power fluctuation problem caused by the accelerated change of SOP near the pole of the Poincaré sphere. The simulation results indicate that the variable-step GLD algorithm can effectively improve the tracking ability of the polarization control loop up to approximately 1.5 times of the GLD algorithm and the gradient descent (GD) algorithm.

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“…Technology based on optical fiber sensing (OFS) has been widely applied in various sensing fields due to its superior performance [1][2][3]. In particular, distributed optical fiber vibration sensors can represent the highest state of the art in OFS as each point along the fiber under test can function as * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent intrusion detection for optical fiber perimeter security system based on an improved high efficiency feature extraction technique

Sun,

Guo

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The automated analysis of optical fiber vibration sensing data has been highly demanded in engineering applications. Therefore, intrusion analysis, which aims at detecting, recognizing, and classifying intrusions, holds great importance for optical fiber vibration sensing. In this work, an intelligent intrusion detection scheme employing an improved high-efficiency feature extraction technique and utilizing a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer (DMZI)-based optical fiber perimeter security system is proposed. So, the DMZI-based perimeter security system in practical settings can be successfully established. Specifically, time-frequency feature vectors with nine features are firstly constructed using a maximal overlap discrete wavelet transformation approach and a zero crossing rate method. Then, the feature vectors are classified into corresponding categories using a radial basis function neural network. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been validated using six types of human intrusions, such as knocking, climbing, waggling, cutting, crashing and kicking the fence. The results show that the given intrusions can be accurately and rapidly recognized by the proposed scheme. The average recognition rate of 95.0% is achieved, and the average processing time for each sample data is only 0.033 s, which is significantly lower than the sampling interval (0.3 s) in our experiment. It is believed that the proposed scheme holds promising potential in the field of optical fiber perimeter security systems.

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Polarization Fading Suppression for Optical Fiber Sensing: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 75 publications

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures

Polarization Controller Based on Variable-Step Greedy Linear Descent for Self-Homodyne Coherent Transmission Systems

Intelligent intrusion detection for optical fiber perimeter security system based on an improved high efficiency feature extraction technique

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