Polarization in optical fibers

Kaminow, I. P.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1981.1070626

Cited by 501 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These could have originated from the fibre preform during the fibre drawing process or even during the cabling process. Stress on the fibre, bends, twists and splices are also other extrinsic sources of mode coupling (Kaminow, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring FO-PMD and SO-PMD over Time with Respect to Environmental Conditions

Ireeta¹,

Musara²,

Leitch³

2014

APR

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Environmental conditions affect the birefringence of an optical fibre which in turn leads to fluctuations in its Polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Fluctuations in PMD make compensation for it in optical fibres very complicated. In this paper, fluctuations of first-order polarization mode dispersion (FO-PMD), FO-PMD coefficients and second-order polarization mode dispersion (SO-PMD) are monitored over time and also with respect to the environmental conditions. Long term measurements of FO-PMD have been done before by Mudau (2008) using the Generalized Interferometry Technique (GINTY) only. However, in this current study the FO-PMD coefficients and SO-PMD fluctuations were also monitored in addition to making a comparison between the measurements obtained using the Single-ended Dispersion Analyzer (FTB-5700) and the GINTY. These measurements were made on a 14.8 km long deployed aerial optical fibre that links St. Albans to Rockland transmission stations in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The weather information was obtained from the Kestrel 4500 pocket weather tracker that was set up at St. Albans transmission station. So, for good PMD compensation, PMD should be monitored for a very long period of time or use an instrument that can accurately measure it even when the optical fibre is exposed to harsh environmental conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring FO-PMD and SO-PMD over Time with Respect to Environmental Conditions

Ireeta¹,

Musara²,

Leitch³

2014

APR

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“…For application or motivation, we can cite also, for instance, [32,33] where are studied the evolution of two orthogonal pulse envelope in birefringent optical fibers, see also [29]. System of type (S) is also important for industrial applications in fiber communications systems [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Radial Solutions for a Class of Elliptic Systems Concentrating on Spheres With Potential Decay

Carrião¹,

Lisboa²,

Miyagaki³

2013

Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society

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“…The study of the propagation of pulses in nonlinear optical fibers has been of great interest in the last years. In 1981, I. P. Kaminow [6] showed that single-mode optical fibers are not really "single-mode" but actually bimodal due to the presence of birefringence which can deeply influence the way in which an optical evolves during the propagation along the fiber. Indeed, it can occur that the linear birefringence makes a pulse split in two, while nonlinear birefringence traps them together against splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cauchy problem for the system (1.1)-(1.4) was firstly studied by E. S. P. Siqueira [13,14] for initial data u 0 ∈ H 1 (R) and v 0 ∈ H 1 (R), then the solution u ∈ C(R : H 1 (R)) ∩ C 1 (R : H −1 (R)) and v ∈ C(R : H 1 (R)) ∩ C 1 (R : H −1 (R)), using the techniques developed in [1,2]. This Schrödinger system has been extensively studied for many authors [6,8,9,10,11] and references therein. An evolution equation enjoys a gain of regularity if their solutions are smoother for t > 0 than its initial data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%