Polarization mode dispersion in radio-frequency interferometric embedded fiber-optic sensors

Eyal, Avishay; Dimenstein, O.; Tur, Moshe; Zaidman, M.; Green, A.; Gali, S.

doi:10.1109/50.920848

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…19 PSP and DGD, coupled with the initial state of polarization (SOP), create a basis to analyze polarization-induced fluctuations in mono-mode optical fibers. 20 We exploit these facts and developed an in-house numerical model to evaluate the impact of PMD on transmitted optical signals. The numerical model considers that the optical fiber is fully described as a sequence of short segments.…”

Section: Modeling Of Polarization Mode Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of polarization-based effects in fiber-optic transmission link caused by environmental variations

Dubovan

Benedikovič

Litvik

et al. 2021

Optical Sensors 2021

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The fast transmission of signals around the globe is fundamental to the flow of information for our society. A long-haul transmission certainly represents one of the key advancements that shaped modern ways of communicating and offers a nearly instant access to any available data or a latest information. However, fiber-optic transmission typically suffers from a variety of physical impairments that degrade the signal quality, thus imposing limits on both, the achievable transmission capacity and data reach. Of particular concerns are stochastic fiber impairments, primarily represented by polarization mode dispersion (PMD). The PMD originates from a random birefringence caused by imperfect fiber circularity and other, both internal and external, effects, basically completely re-defining the light polarization state of output signal compared to its initial counterpart. The PMD is particularly critical as it restricts operation of fiber-optic links running at speeds higher than 10 Gbps. This, in turn, hinders fiber link re-adaption towards higher transmission bit rates in future, however. In this context, both in-line link monitoring and testing of PMD-based effects is of great importance within the recently used optical fiber links. However, polarization-based effects are also very sensitive to the environmental changes, substantially degrading transmitted optical signals and reducing link quality. In this work, we provide experimental characterization for PMD-based propagation effects in optical fibers influenced by wind gusts. The investigation was performed on commercially used fiber-optic link that runs through optical power ground wire cables. The 111-km-long optical link under study comprised installed optical fibers with available 88 channels. Here, we monitored environmental changes caused by wind conditions over several consecutive days with a 60 second time frame and sensed PMD impact on the link performance.Here, differential group delay (DGD) was chosen to be a key parameter, enabling for sensitive characterization of windrelated link changes. Measured maximum DGD's were 4 and 10 ps for wind speeds up to 5 and 20 m/s, respectively. In addition, experimentally measured data were used in numerical model to assess the optical link quality. For a low wind condition, we observed negligible quality degradation in the optical link, considering transmission bit rates of 10, 40, and 100 Gbps. Conversely, in case of strong wind condition, the optical link maintained a reliable operation only for established 10 Gbps, while significant link degradation was observed for bit rates of 40 and 100 Gbps. Our work shows promising way to effectively sense and monitor undesired environmental variations and their impact on polarization-based fiber link propagation effects, which in turn, can allow an instant link quality evaluation.

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Section: Modeling Of Polarization Mode Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of polarization-based effects in fiber-optic transmission link caused by environmental variations

Dubovan

Benedikovič

Litvik

et al. 2021

Optical Sensors 2021

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“…In the case of conventional optical fibers designed to transmit optical signals over long (telecommunication) distances, the birefringence distribution is assumed to be homogeneous [ 40 ], while in the case of optical fibers utilized for sensing and monitoring, this distribution is typically inhomogeneous [ 41 ]. Both parameters, PSP and DGD, together with the input state of polarization (SOP), form the fundamental layout to quantitatively describe polarization-induced fluctuations in optical fibers [ 42 ]. Accordingly, these fundamentals are exploited in the in-house numerical model, schematically shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Theory Modeling and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Wind Gust on High-Speed Characteristics of Polarization Mode Dispersion in Optical Power Ground Wire Cables

Dubovan

Litvik

Benedikovič

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Polarization mode dispersion is recognized as a key factor limiting optical transmission systems, particularly those fiber links that run at bit rates beyond 10 Gbps. In-line test and characterization of polarization mode dispersion are thus of critical importance to evaluate the quality of installed optical fibers that are in use for high-speed signal traffics. However, polarization-based effects in optical fibers are stochastic and quite sensitive to a range of environmental changes, including optical cable movements. This, in turn, gives rise to undesired variations in light polarization that adversely impair the quality of the signal transmission in the link. In this work, we elaborate on experimental testing and theoretical analysis to asses changes of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers that are caused by environmental variations, here wind gusts in particular. The study was performed on commercially harnessed optical fibers installed within optical power ground wire cables, taking into account different weather conditions. More specifically, we showed that changes caused by wind gusts significantly influence the differential group delay and the principal state of polarization in those optical fibers. For this, we experimentally measured a number of parameters to characterize light polarization properties. Measurements were carried out on C-band operated fiber-optic link formed by 111-km-long power ground wire cables and 88 spectral channels, with a test time step of 1 min during 12 consecutive days. Variations in differential group delay allowed for sensitive testing of environmental changes with measured maxims up to 10 ps under the worst wind conditions. Moreover, measured parameters were used in a numerical model to assess the quality of transmitted high-bit-rate optical signals as a function of wind conditions. The analysis revealed a negligible impact of wind on a 10 Gbps transmission, while substantial influence was noticed for higher bit rates up to 100 Gbps. These results show promises for efficient sensing of environmental changes and subsequent monitoring of the quality of recently used fiber-optic link infrastructures.

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