Polarization modulation for imaging behind the scattering medium

Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a technique, based on polarization modulation, for imaging of the polarization discriminating object hidden behind a scattering medium. This is realized by making use of the relation between the complex correlation function of the randomly scattered orthogonal polarization components in the far field and polarized source structure at the scattering plane. Full use of a polarimetric parameter at the scattering plane is realized in the object plane reconstruction behind the scattering medium using a backpropagation approach. To demonstrate application of the technique, imaging of two different objects lying behind the scattering media is presented.

Single-Shot Quantitative Polarization Imaging of Live Cancer Cells

“…Oldenburg and co-workers demonstrated quantified two-dimensional (2D) distributions of the birefringence by replacing the polarization compensators with liquid crystal (LC)-based variable retarders in the conventional Pol-scopes, , and they used polarization microscopy in the reproductive biology and other areas. , However, the requirement to acquire multiple images at different retarder delays has constrained the usefulness of such pol-scopes for fast and live imaging. Few single-shot polarization measurement techniques have been developed using specialized optical elements such as Wollaston prism, grating, etc. , Recently, single-shot off-axis holographic imaging systems have been developed by using a fixed carrier frequency by polarization beam splitter or Wollaston prism. , Spatially resolved polarization mapping has also been demonstrated using a digital holography approach where two orthogonal polarized light fields are recorded with different carrier frequencies in the single recording of the hologram. , This technique brings tunability in the carrier frequencies in the hologram recording process and is, hence, suitable for objects with higher bandwidths.…”

“…32,33 Spatially resolved polarization mapping has also been demonstrated using a digital holography approach where two orthogonal polarized light fields are recorded with different carrier frequencies in the single recording of the hologram. 34,35 This technique brings tunability in the carrier frequencies in the hologram recording process and is, hence, suitable for objects with higher bandwidths.…”

Structured transmittance illumination coherence holography

“…However, phase information of the spectrum is lost in the PCH in contrast to the CH and DH techniques. Recovery of complex field parameters in the CH and DH is possible by employing an interferometer setup which makes the system bulky and prone to external disturbances and instabilities 2 , 22 , 24 . Recently, holographic methods based on interference of the coherence waves have been proposed to overcome the phase loss issue in the PCH experiments 28 – 33 .…”

Designer vector beams maintaining a robust intensity profile on propagation through turbulence

“…The use of inhomogeneously polarized vector beams for robust propagation through turbulence has been proposed before [16][17][18][19]. An inhomogeneously polarized beam can be thought of as a superposition of two orthogonal and homogeneously polarized beams derived from the same source and each having a different amplitude and phase structure.…”