Polarization of light in the atmosphere and ocean

Kattawar, George W.; Yang, Ping; You, Yu; Bi, Lei; Xie, Yu; Huang, Xin; Hioki, Souichiro

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46762-6_1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has long been recognized that inherent light-scattering properties of natural waters are of crucial importance and have strong potential for wide-ranging applications in aquatic sciences, including oceanography. These properties are essential inputs to the radiative transfer models used to compute the ambient light fields in natural water bodies [1][2][3][4]. The variability in the light scattering properties of seawater is driven primarily by the concentration of suspended particles, particle size distribution, and composition through particle refractive index, internal structure, and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the Volume Scattering Function and the Degree of Linear Polarization of Light Scattered by Contrasting Natural Assemblages of Marine Particles

2018

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The light scattering properties of seawater play important roles in radiative transfer in the ocean and optically-based methods for characterizing marine suspended particles from in situ and remote sensing measurements. The recently commercialized LISST-VSF instrument is capable of providing in situ or laboratory measurements of the volume scattering function, β p ( ψ ) , and the degree of linear polarization, DoLP p ( ψ ) , associated with particle scattering. These optical quantities of natural particle assemblages have not been measured routinely in past studies. To fully realize the potential of LISST-VSF measurements, we evaluated instrument performance, and developed calibration correction functions from laboratory measurements and Mie scattering calculations for standard polystyrene beads suspended in water. The correction functions were validated with independent measurements. The improved LISST-VSF protocol was applied to measurements of β p ( ψ ) and DoLP p ( ψ ) taken on 17 natural seawater samples from coastal and offshore marine environments characterized by contrasting assemblages of suspended particles. Both β p ( ψ ) and DoLP p ( ψ ) exhibited significant variations related to a broad range of composition and size distribution of particulate assemblages. For example, negative relational trends were observed between the particulate backscattering ratio derived from β p ( ψ ) and increasing proportions of organic particles or phytoplankton in the particulate assemblage. Our results also suggest a potential trend between the maximum values of DoLP p ( ψ ) and particle size metrics, such that a decrease in the maximum DoLP p ( ψ ) tends to be associated with particulate assemblages exhibiting a higher proportion of large-sized particles. Such results have the potential to advance optically-based applications that rely on an understanding of relationships between light scattering and particle properties of natural particulate assemblages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the Volume Scattering Function and the Degree of Linear Polarization of Light Scattered by Contrasting Natural Assemblages of Marine Particles

2018

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“…The polarization of light (Kattawar et al 2016) may be described by the following four Stokes parameters: I, Q, U, and V, where I is the total intensity, Q and U contain information about the linear polarization, and V describes circular polarization. The reflected solar radiation polarization is linear to a high degree and V can be neglected (Coulson 1988).…”

Section: Viewing Geometry Polarization and Pdm Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Polarization Distribution Models for CLARREO-Imager Intercalibration

Lukashin

2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Polarization effects bias the performance of various existing passive spaceborne instruments, such as MODIS and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), as well as geostationary imagers. It is essential to evaluate and correct for these effects in order to achieve the required accuracy of the total reflectance at the top of the atmosphere.In addition to performing highly accurate decadal climate change observations, one of the objectives of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission recommended by the National Research Council for launch by NASA is to provide the on-orbit intercalibration with the imagers over a range of parameters, including polarization. Whenever the on-orbit coincident measurements are not possible, CLARREO will provide the polarization distributions constructed using the adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM), which will cover the entire reflected solar spectrum. These ADRTM results need to be validated using real data. To this end the empirical polarization distribution models (PDMs) based on the measurements taken by the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences Coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) mission were developed. Examples of such PDMs for the degree of polarization and the angle of linear polarization for the cloudless ocean scenes are shown here. These PDMs are compared across the three available PARASOL polarization bands, and the effect of aerosols on them is examined. The PDM-derived dependence of the reflectance uncertainty on the degree of polarization for imagers, such as MODIS or VIIRS, after their intercalibration with the CLARREO instrument is evaluated. The influence of the aerosols on the reflectance uncertainty is examined. Finally, the PDMs for the angle of linear polarization is cross-checked against the single-scattering approximation.

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“…Stokes formalization for linear polarization (Kattawar, 1994) was used, in which the components of the Stokes vector S={I,Q,U}are given by Equation (1):…”

Section: Polarization Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Polarization Characteristics Within the Rosh HaNikra Mid-Littoral Cave, Israel

et al. 2018

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Light polarization characteristics, i. e., degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and angle of linear polarization (AoLP), were documented in the depth of the littoral cave system of Rosh HaNikra on the northern Mediterranean shore of Israel (33 • 5 ′ 35.24 ′′ N, 35 • 6 ′ 17.16 ′′ E), based on light intensity sampled through polarizing filters at different hours of the day on different days of the year. This is the first study to investigate the state of light polarization in such a unique habitat in which photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, microalgae, and macroalgae thrive. Such organisms play an essential ecological role as the energy base for the cave's fauna. Using these two methods, we found unique winter polarization characteristics within the cave, including high values of DoLP in the morning and at noon, reaching 50%, and nearly constant AoLP throughout the day. Given the low levels of light intensity that typically exist within the cave in the winter months, the relatively high DoLP and the nearly constant AoLP throughout the day may play a significant role in improving the ability of photosynthetic organisms within the cave to harvest light by orienting their light-harvesting receptors with respect to the AoLP. Using the polarization photograph analysis method, we were able to determine the polarization characteristics originating from the sky, reflection off of (including refraction into followed by refraction out of) the far sea surface, and reflection off of the cave wall separately. The maximum DoLP values originating from the sky, far ocean, and cave walls were found to be 27, 50, and 35%, respectively. The lowest daily variation in AoLP was that of light reflecting off the cave walls. The present study lays the foundation for any subsequent study of the role of light polarization in the distribution of the algal flora on the cave walls in and out of the water in the Rosh HaNikra cave and in sea caves in general.

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Polarization of light in the atmosphere and ocean

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Measurements of the Volume Scattering Function and the Degree of Linear Polarization of Light Scattered by Contrasting Natural Assemblages of Marine Particles

Measurements of the Volume Scattering Function and the Degree of Linear Polarization of Light Scattered by Contrasting Natural Assemblages of Marine Particles

Empirical Polarization Distribution Models for CLARREO-Imager Intercalibration

Linear Polarization Characteristics Within the Rosh HaNikra Mid-Littoral Cave, Israel

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