Polarization of 
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 (
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) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in 
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Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Atetalla, F. G.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Barish, K. N.; Bassill, A. J.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J. M.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chan, B. K.; Chang, F-H.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Crawford, H. J.; Csanád, M.; Das, S.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deppner, I. M.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Edmonds, T.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, J.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorišin, J.; Feng, Y.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Fulek, Ł.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Galatyuk, T.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Gibson, A.; Gopal, K.; Grosnick, D.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Herrmann, N.; Holub, L.; Hong, Yifan; Horvat, S.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, X.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jena, C.; Jentsch, A.; Ji, Y.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Ju, X.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kagamaster, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kapukchyan, D.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kelsey, M.; Khyzhniak, Y. V.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kim, C.; Kinghorn, T. A.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kocan, M.; Kochenda, L.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kramárik, L.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Mudiyanselage, N. Kulathunga; Kumar, L.; Elayavalli, Raghav Kunnawalkam; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Liang, Y.; Licenik, R.; Lin, T. H.; Lipiec, A.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Liu, P.; Liu, T.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; L., G.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; G., Y.; Abdelrahman, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Matonoha, O.; Mazer, J.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Mooney, I.; Moravcová, Z.; Морозов, Д. А.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nemes, D. B.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Oh, S.; Окороков, В. А.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pawłowska, D.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pintér, R. L.; Pluta, J.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycień, M.; Putschke, J.; Quintero, A.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusňák, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N.; Sahu, P. K.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Schambach, J.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seck, F.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seto, R.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Shen, F.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Siejka, S.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singh, J. B.; Singha, S.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Solyst, W.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stefaniak, M.; Stewart, David J.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo; Sugiura, T.; Šumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Szymański, P.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Tomkiel, C. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Tu, B.; Tu, Z.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Buren, G. Van; Vaněk, J.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Videbæk, F.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, P.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Xiao; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xu, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yang, Yi; Yang, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I. K.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, J.; Chen, Zhong; Zhou, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z. H.; Żurek, M.; Zyzak, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.132301

Cited by 187 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…STAR collaboration's measurement of global (phase space averaged) Λ polarization agrees with theoretical prediction [11,12]. However, when it comes to the phase space distribution of Λ spin polarization [13,14], the observed quadrupole pattern is firmly in tension with the theories assuming such quadrupole pattern is solely induced by thermal vorticity [15,16], a specific linear combination of vorticity and temperature gradients.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients

Liu

Yin

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We systematically analyze the effects of the derivatives of the hydrodynamic fields on axial Wigner function that describes the spin polarization vector in phase space. We have included all possible first-order derivative contributions that are allowed by symmetry and compute the associated transport functions at one-loop using the linear response theory. In addition to reproducing known effects due to the temperature gradient and vorticity, we have identified a number of potentially significant contributions that are overlooked previously. In particular, we find that the shear strength, the symmetric and traceless part of the flow gradient, will induce a quadrupole for spin polarization in the phase space. Our results, together with hydrodynamic gradients obtained from hydrodynamic simulations, can be employed as a basis for the interpretation of the Λ (anti-Λ) spin polarization measurement in heavy-ion collisions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients

Liu

Yin

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…The Lorentz invariance for chiral fermions is proved to be nontrivial: the side-jump effect appears to ensure the conservation of the total angular momentum in binary collisions [49][50][51]. Recent numerical simulation [52] shows that the side-jump effect may provide a possible explanation of the puzzle of the Λ's local spin polarization [53,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic theory with spin: From massive to massless fermions

2020

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We find that the recently developed kinetic theories with spin for massive and massless fermions are smoothly connected. By introducing a reference-frame vector, we decompose the dipole-moment tensor into electric and magnetic dipole moments. We show that the axial-vector component of the Wigner function contains a contribution from the transverse magnetic dipole moment, which accounts for the transverse spin degree of freedom (d.o.f.) and vanishes smoothly in the massless limit. As a result, the kinetic equations, describing 4 d.o.f. for massive fermions, smoothly becomes the chiral kinetic equations describing 2 d.o.f. in the massless limit. We also confirm the small-mass behavior of the Wigner function by an explicit calculation using a Gaussian wave packet.

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“…The polarization of hyperons as a function of the azimuthal angle in the transverse plane has been recently measured in the STAR experiment [19,66]. However the data for the polarization along both the longitudinal and the transverse directions cannot be described by the hydrodynamic models (including A Multiphase Transport (AMPT) model from which the vorticity field is extracted by the coarse graining method) [62,67,68] based on the coupling of the thermal vorticity and the spin at equilibrium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local spin polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions

Pang

Huang

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

107

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We revisit the azimuthal angle dependence of the local spin polarization of hyperons in heavy-ion collisions at 200 GeV in the framework of the (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc. Two different initial conditions are considered in our simulation: the optical Glauber initial condition without initial orbital angular momentum and the AMPT initial condition with an initial orbital angular momentum. We find that the azimuthal angle dependence of the hyperon polarization strongly depends on the choice of the so-called spin chemical potential Ωµν . With Ωµν chosen to be proportional to the temperature vorticity, our simulation shows qualitatively coincidental results with the recent measurements at RHIC for both the longitudinal and transverse polarization. We argue that such a coincidence may be related to the fact that the temperature vorticity is approximately conserved in the hot quark-gluon matter. *

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Polarization of Λ ( Λ¯ ) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Au

Cited by 187 publications

References 43 publications

Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients

Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients

Kinetic theory with spin: From massive to massless fermions

Local spin polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions

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