Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Discriminates Between Fresh and Aged Starch-Based Adhesives Used in Cultural Heritage

Psilodimitrakopoulos, Sotiris; Gavgiotaki, Evangelia; Melessanaki, Kristalia; Tsafas, Vassilis; Filippidis, George

doi:10.1017/s1431927616011570

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These techniques under different modalities provide new insights for the assessment of appropriate conservation methods that have to be applied for various CH objects of high artistic or cultural significance [79,115]. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these techniques for depth resolved imaging of materials in cultural heritage, such as varnishes [79], lining glues [80,81], paintings [75], historical coatings [82], and corrosion layers on metal-based artifacts [84]. Fruitful key information concerning the determination of the different layers, precise thickness or surface topography, nature of the different materials, and cracks in the layers has been extracted.…”

Section: Non-linear Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Linear Microscopy: A Well-Established Technique for Biological Applications towards Serving as a Diagnostic Tool for in situ Cultural Heritage Studies

Mari

Filippidis

2020

Sustainability

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A range of sophisticated imaging techniques have been developed in recent years that can reveal the surface structure of cultural heritage objects with varying precision. In combination with various spectroscopic methods, they allow the study of the chemical composition of the object; thus, conclusions can be drawn about the origin of the object or its initial components, method, or time of creation, authenticity, mechanisms of degradation, and ways of further conservation. At present, different techniques can be applied to a wide range of cultural heritage objects, such as varnishes, paintings, archaeological objects, binding media, paper-based documents, parchments, marbles, frescoes, as well as various objects made of leather, fabric, stone, ceramics and glass, wood, or metal. One of the main needs in the study of cultural heritage (CH) is the transportability/portability of the research equipment, since many pieces under investigation cannot be moved to the laboratory, either because of their size, inseparability (for example, frescoes on walls, mural paintings in caves), or the threat of damage. In this work, we briefly overview the main optical- and laser-based methods used for the study of cultural heritage objects indicating the scope of their application, and we focus on the applications of non-linear microscopic methods for the investigation of a series of artifacts. We also discuss all the requirements for the construction of a prototype transportable non-linear optical system that will be used as a novel diagnostic tool for in situ studies of CH assets. The availability of such a transportable workstation will significantly improve the study and characterization of various types of CH objects and will constitute an extremely useful diagnostic tool for heritage scientists dealing with a variety of investigations.

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Section: Non-linear Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Linear Microscopy: A Well-Established Technique for Biological Applications towards Serving as a Diagnostic Tool for in situ Cultural Heritage Studies

Mari

Filippidis

2020

Sustainability

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“…Since the 1990s, newly developed commercial low noise, high stability, solid‐state ultrafast pulsed lasers enable high quality laser scanning nonlinear microscopy . The following lasers have been used for SHG microscopy of starch: Ti:Sapphire at 800–854 nm , Yb:KGW at around 1030 nm , Yb fiber laser at 1040 nm , Nd:YAG at 1064 nm , and a Cr:Forsterite at 1230 nm , providing a pulse energy of at least several nJ. Laser wavelengths ranging from 800 to 1230 nm result in SHG signal wavelength falling within the high sensitivity range of PMT detectors (400–650 nm).…”

Section: Second Harmonic Generation Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single photon counting detection is suitable for low photon count applications as needed for imaging very small or highly altered starch granules that emit low intensity SHG signal . The SHG signal intensity is quite high in wild‐type (wt) starches and, therefore, analog detection, (common in commercial microscopes) often is also suited for starch imaging . Another feature of the specialized microscope presented in Fig.…”

Section: Second Harmonic Generation Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another feature of the specialized microscope presented in Fig. is the signal detection in transmission mode, which has been most frequently used in SHG imaging of starch . In most cases, the SHG is emitted along the laser light propagation direction, resulting in more efficient forward detection.…”

Section: Second Harmonic Generation Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, both hydration and structural alterations that are due to genetic manipulation clearly affect SHG polarimetry . Most recently, polarization SHG was used to differentiate between fresh and aged starch‐based adhesives .…”

Section: Shg Microscopy Of Starch Granulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy: An analytical tool for starch bioengineering

et al. 2017

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Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that inherently generates signal in non-centrosymmetric materials, such as starch granules, and therefore can be used for label-free imaging. Both intensity and polarization of SHG are determined by material properties that are characterized by the nonlinear susceptibility tensor, x (2) . Examination of the tensor is performed for each focal volume of the image by measuring the outgoing polarization state of the SHG signal for a set of incoming laser beam polarizations. Mapping of nonlinear properties expressed as the susceptibility ratio reveals structural features including the organization of crystalline material within a single starch granule, and the distribution of structural properties in a population of granules. Isolated granules, as well as in situ starch, can be analyzed using polarimetric SHG microscopy. Due to the fast sample preparation and short imaging times, polarimetric SHG microscopy allows for a quick assessment of starch structure and permits rapid feedback for bioengineering applications. This article presents the basics of SHG theory and microscopy applications for starch-containing materials. Quantification of ultrastructural features within individual starch granules is described. New results obtained by polarization resolved SHG microscopy of starch granules are presented for various maize genotypes revealing heterogeneity within a single starch particle and between various granules.

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Emerging photonic technologies for cultural heritage studies: the examples of non-linear optical microscopy and photoacoustic imaging

et al. 2022

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The availability of non-invasive technologies, which can be used separately or in combination for obtaining chemical composition data and structural information of Cultural Heritage (CH) materials, is of prime importance for improving the understanding the environmental or ageing impact on monuments and artefacts and defining optimal strategies for their conservation. This paper overviews and assesses the potential of two emerging photonic technologies, the Non-linear Optical Microscopy (NLOM) and Photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities, for a variety of diagnostic applications in preservation science. These techniques, which are well-established in biomedical research, during the last few years have been also investigated as non-invasive tools for the in-depth, high-resolution analysis of various CH objects, including paintings, documents and murals. We discuss on the applicability of these diagnostic optical methods to obtain precise stratigraphic information in artefacts, evaluating additionally the presence and the extent of potential morphological or chemical changes in several CH materials due to ageing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the contrast complementarity of NLOM and PA imaging provides invaluable insights into the structural integrity of an artwork, which can be subsequently utilized for the early and accurate detection of depth degradation effects.

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Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Discriminates Between Fresh and Aged Starch-Based Adhesives Used in Cultural Heritage

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Non-Linear Microscopy: A Well-Established Technique for Biological Applications towards Serving as a Diagnostic Tool for in situ Cultural Heritage Studies

Non-Linear Microscopy: A Well-Established Technique for Biological Applications towards Serving as a Diagnostic Tool for in situ Cultural Heritage Studies

Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy: An analytical tool for starch bioengineering

Emerging photonic technologies for cultural heritage studies: the examples of non-linear optical microscopy and photoacoustic imaging

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