Polarization Switching Dependence of VCSEL on Variable Polarization Optical Feedback

Nazhan, Salam; Ghassemlooy, Zabih

doi:10.1109/jqe.2017.2718550

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…6(g) and 6(h). The observed modes behavior can be explained by effects of both the gain and the OF strength as outlined in the flowing investigation [5,9]. presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Recently, several theoretical and experimental works have investigated the polarization modes characteristics of VCSELs with either the conventional OF or a rotated polarization angle of OF [5,[7][8][9][10][11]. The dynamics of VCSEL under OF with a rotating polarization angle was shown to have a great potential in numerous applications such as free space optical communications for improved level of security at the physical layer [12][13][14], sensing [15], high frequency pulses generation and optical bi-stability [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polarization output power stabilization of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Nazhan¹,

Ghassemlooy²

2018

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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This paper provides an experimental investigation of the polarization stabilization at the output power of an 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with optical feedback (OF) and a range of polarization angles, OF strength and the bias current. The VCSEL's polarization stabilization is evaluated using the extinction ratio measurements of the optical output power of the polarization modes of the VCSEL. The results clearly show that, rotation of the polarization angle and the OF level can radically change the polarization stabilization of VCSEL. Both the polarization angle and OF introduce polarization switching (PS) and instability in the optical output power of the VCSEL. Consequently, these lead to performance degradation of VCSEL in terms of the operating point and the modulation bandwidth. At a fixed OF level of-7 dB, polarization destabilization is first observed at 450 with the increasing level of polarization angle. Whereas for the fixed polarization angles of 40 o and 90 o , polarization destabilization is observed at-14.5 dB and-14 dB, respectively with the increasing level of orthogonal OF. We show that, with parallel OF, no PS is observed over the entire OF level. The results also indicate that the VCSEL with no polarization angle requires higher levels of OF in order to ensured PS compared with the case with the polarization angle.

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“…6(g) and 6(h). The observed modes behavior can be explained by effects of both the gain and the OF strength as outlined in the flowing investigation [5,9]. presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization output power stabilization of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Nazhan¹,

Ghassemlooy²

2018

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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“…Moreover, the refractive index difference between principal axis component and orthogonal axis component in semiconductor medium of laser results in the existence of two polarization modes (XP mode and YP mode) in the output light of VCSEL [22]. It has been demonstrated that VCSEL is sensitive to optical feedback and optical injection [23][24][25]. For instance, in 2018, Nazhan et al investigated the stability and sensitivity of VCSEL [23].…”

Section: Reservoir Computing System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Herbal Medicine Recognition Using a VCSEL-Based Time-Delay Reservoir Computing System

Yue

Hou

Hu³

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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We numerically investigate the performance of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) recognition using a time delay reservoir computing (TDRC) system consist of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subjected to optical feedback. A database of 960 images from 12 CHM categories is used to evaluate the recognition performance, most of which contain many CHM samples and have different backgrounds. The CHM image feature vector is masked and optically injected into the VCSEL, and the VCSEL output in two polarization modes are sampled as the virtual node states for readout. After testing the CHM recognition performance of TDRC under injecting the same information into two polarization modes of the VCSEL, we further test the performance of parallel processing by injecting half of the image information into each of the two polarization modes. By concatenating the virtual node states collected from two modes for readout, the recognition speed is doubled. Meanwhile, the influence of key parameters on recognition performance are investigated and the relationship between system idle state and recognition performance is also examined. The results show that, under parallel processing and orthogonal optical feedback, the TDRC achieves the minimum recognition error of 1.7% at a reservoir processing rate of 2×10 9 images per second.

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“…The results demonstrate that the sweep rate of the time-varying current affects the PS and PB characteristics of VCSELs, and rapidly scanning the current is helpful for increasing the width of the hysteresis loop [13], [14]. For VCSELs under optical feedback, through scanning the polarization direction and the feedback light strength, PS and PB can be observed, and the influences of the sweep rate have been analyzed [16]- [18]. Optical injection, as a commonly introduced perturbation for improving VCSELs performance such as reducing frequency chirp and enhancing modulation bandwidth [19]- [21], can also be employed to motivate PS and PB [22]- [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Investigations on Polarization Switching and Bistability in a 1550 nm VCSEL Subject to Orthogonal Optical Injection With Time-Varying Injection Power

et al. 2020

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Polarization switching (PS) and polarization bistability (PB) characteristics of a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection (OOI) with time-varying injection power are experimentally investigated for the first time. To implement the optical injection, a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) modulated by a triangular radio wave is adopted, and the influences of some typical parameters on the performances of PS and PB are analyzed. Under suitable operation conditions, PB in the VCSEL subject to OOI with time-varying injection power can be observed only for the input power P0 of MZM locating within a determined range, and the width of hysteresis loop gradually decreases with the increase of P0 from the minimum P0,min to the maximum P0,max. Under different frequency detuning Δν between the injection light and the X polarization mode of the VCSEL, the determined ranges of P0 required for PB are different. With the variation of Δν from a negative value to a positive value, both P0,min and P0,max present a trend of decrease first and then increase. Additionally, with the increase of the modulation frequency, the hysteresis loop width firstly increases rapidly and then gradually tends saturation.

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Polarization Switching Dependence of VCSEL on Variable Polarization Optical Feedback

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Polarization output power stabilization of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Polarization output power stabilization of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Chinese Herbal Medicine Recognition Using a VCSEL-Based Time-Delay Reservoir Computing System

Experimental Investigations on Polarization Switching and Bistability in a 1550 nm VCSEL Subject to Orthogonal Optical Injection With Time-Varying Injection Power

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