Polarization switching in the 2-µm Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser

Segura, Martha; Kadankov, Martin; Mateos, Xavier; Pujol, María Cinta; Carvajal, Joan J.; Aguiló, Magdalena; Díaz, Francesc; Griebner, Uwe; Petrov, Valentín

doi:10.1002/lapl.201110103

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, the strong intrinsic anisotropy of thermal and spectroscopic properties of RE-doped monoclinic DTs opens the possibility to realize dual-wavelength operation due to polarization switching, in particular with N g -cut Yb: KGd(WO 4 ) 2 [21] and Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 [22]. Moreover, unique mode stabilization without drop of the laser output was observed, similar to the phenomenon described recently for Yb:CALGO [23].…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Loiko

Mateos

Кулешов

et al. 2014

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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The potential of N g -cut monoclinic Yb: and Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 laser crystals is analyzed from the point of view of thermal lensing, including "athermal" behavior, unique laser mode stabilization by polarization-switching and potential for microchip operation. To this aim, we characterize dispersion and direction-dependence of the "generalized" thermo-optic coefficients, Δ, for the light polarizations, E || N m and N p , and calculate sensitivity factors of the thermal lens for wide range of experimental conditions including crystal temperature, laser wavelength, pump spot radius, as well as their relation to probe beam measurements. The polarization-switching between N m and N p oscillating states is realized for a Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystal and explained on the basis of spectroscopic properties, modematching and cavity stability. The thermal lens properties for microchip Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 laser are also calculated.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Loiko

Mateos

Кулешов

et al. 2014

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…Secondly, for such a small 'cube-shaped' crystal, cooling from all four lateral sides can substantially improve heat removal [7]. Indeed, this was confirmed experimentally for a similar Tm:KLuW crystal in [22]. An important point in this context is the upper limitation of absorbed pump power, as the laser cavity will be unstable even with a positive lens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Characterization of the thermal lens in 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂and microchip laser operation

et al. 2014

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A comparative study of the thermal lensing effect is performed for monoclinic 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystals cut along the three principal axes of the optical indicatrix, N p , N m and N g . Optical power, sensitivity factors and astigmatism of the thermal lens are determined. It is found that the thermal lens is differently signed for beam propagation along N p and N m (for m-and p-polarizations, respectively). In contrast, beam propagation along N g possesses a positive lens with nearly two-times reduced astigmatism (m-polarization). The results are utilized in the first realization of a continuous-wave quasi-microchip 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 laser delivering 880 mW output power at 1.95 μm with a slope efficiency of 44%, and an M 2 factor below 1.05.

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“…Lanthanide elements and their compounds are important in many technological areas, such as electronics, magnetics, optics, biomedics, and catalyst converters. − Among these materials, gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles are of particular interest because of their peculiar magnetic behavior. Besides their use as contrast agents in medical magnetic resonance imaging, they have the potential to act as multimodal imaging and therapeutic agents. − For example, the gadolinium-doped mesoporous silica nanocomposite Gd 2 O 3 –@MCM-41 holds the promising prospect of development as a targeted cell probe for cancer in vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of (Gd₂O₃)_n^0,±1 Clusters with n = 1–10

Xia

Shao

2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The structural stability and electronic and magnetic properties of stoichiometric (Gd 2 O 3 ) n clusters with n = 1−10 were investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory through the broken-symmetry approach. Size-induced changes in the point symmetry of these clusters were observed. A large coordination number led to elongation of Gd−O bonding. Either adding an electron to or removing an electron from the ground state of a neutral cluster brought significant changes in the van der Waals volume for clusters n = 1−3. Binding energy increased with cluster size. However, the highest occupied molecular orbital−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, ionization, and electron affinity fluctuated when n increased from 1 to 10. Natural population analysis and partial density of states revealed that the Gd-4f orbital hardly participated in bonding and that the Gd-5d/6s/6p orbitals were hybrid with the O-2p orbitals. The competition between Ruderman−Kittel−Kasuya−Yosida-type and superexchange-type interactions resulted in the magnetic oscillation of clusters between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. We also found similar behavior in the various structures of Gd 12 O 18 . The ground state was easily activated to the excited state because the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling states were nearly identical in energy.

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Polarization switching in the 2-µm Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Characterization of the thermal lens in 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂and microchip laser operation

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of (Gd₂O₃)_n^0,±1 Clusters with n = 1–10

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Polarization switching in the 2-µm Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 Crystals

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 Crystals

Characterization of the thermal lens in 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO4)2and microchip laser operation

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of (Gd2O3)n0,±1 Clusters with n = 1–10

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Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Thermal-Lens-Driven Effects in $N_{\mathrm {g}}$ -Cut Yb-and Tm-Doped Monoclinic KLu(WO₄)₂ Crystals

Characterization of the thermal lens in 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂and microchip laser operation

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of (Gd₂O₃)_n^0,±1 Clusters with n = 1–10