Polarized solitons in higher-spin wave dark matter

Jain, Mudit; Amin, Mustafa A.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.04892

Cited by 5 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…For the directional oscillon (left) the field oscillates along an approximately fixed direction, and has zero spin. These two oscillons are not degenerate in energy for a fixed particle number even in the nonrelativistic limit, unlike the case when they arise only due to gravitational attraction [46]. We find that both have lifetimes longer than few thousand field oscillations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In contrast, E d = E s for vector solitons supported by gravitational interactions alone [46]. The reason for this degeneracy breaking between the directional and spinning oscillons is the S • S term in V nl , which is absent in the gravitational case.…”

Section: Oscillon Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These two oscillons are also readily apparent if we decompose the field Ψ in a polarization basis with respect to a fixed direction (see [46] for an explicit discussion). That is,…”

Section: Oscillon Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…and W 0 (t, x) ≡ 2/m ψ 0 (t, x)e −imt , where the dependence of Ψ and ψ 0 on time is assumed to be weak. Upon plugging this expansion into the action, dropping all terms with the oscillatory factors e ±inmt (n ≥ 2), and keeping only the leading-order terms in time and spatial derivatives of Ψ (see, for example [13,46,47,[62][63][64]), we get the following effective nonrelativistic Lagrangian…”

Section: Nonrelativistic Oscillonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vector solitons supported by gravitational interactions alone were recently studied in [46,47]. However, for an interacting massive vector field theory, attractive (nongravitational) self-interactions may appear naturally in the low energy effective theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarized Vector Oscillons

Zhang,

Jain,

Amin

2021

Preprint

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Oscillons are spatially localized, time-periodic and long-lived configurations that were primarily proposed in scalar field theories with attractive self-interactions. In this letter, we demonstrate that oscillons also exist in the low-energy effective theory of an interacting massive (real) vector field. We provide two types of vector oscillons with vanishing orbital angular momentum, and approximately spherically symmetric energy density, but not field configurations. These are: (1) "directional" oscillons (linearly polarized), with vanishing total intrinsic spin, and (2) "spinning" oscillons (circularly polarized) with a macroscopic instrinsic spin equal to × number of particles in the oscillon. In contrast to the case with only gravitational interactions, the two oscillons have different energy at a fixed particle number even in the nonrelativistic limit. By carrying out relativistic 3 + 1d simulations, we show that these oscillons can be long-lived (compared to the oscillation time for the fields), and can arise from a range of Gaussian initial spatial profiles. These considerations make vector oscillons potentially relevant during the early universe and in dark photon dark matter, with novel phenomenology related to their polarization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Oscillon Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These two oscillons are also readily apparent if we decompose the field Ψ in a polarization basis with respect to a fixed direction (see [46] for an explicit discussion). That is,…”

Section: Oscillon Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Nonrelativistic Oscillonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarized Vector Oscillons

Zhang,

Jain,

Amin

2021

Preprint

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The gravitational afterglow of boson stars

Croft

Helfer²,

Ge³

et al. 2023

Class. Quantum Grav.

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In this work we study the long-lived post-merger gravitational wave signature of a boson-star binary coalescence. We use full numerical relativity to simulate the post-merger and track the gravitational afterglow over an extended period of time. We implement recent innovations for the binary initial data, which signiﬁcantly reduce spurious initial excitations of the scalar ﬁeld proﬁles, as well as a measure for the angular momentum that allows us to track the total momentum of the spatial volume, including the curvature contribution. Crucially, we ﬁnd the afterglow to last much longer than the spin-down timescale. This prolonged gravitational wave afterglow provides a characteristic signal that may distinguish it from other astrophysical sources.

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Vector wave dark matter and terrestrial quantum sensors

Amaral,

Jain,

Amin

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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(Ultra)light spin-1 particles — dark photons — can constitute all of dark matter (DM) and have beyond Standard Model couplings. This can lead to a coherent, oscillatory signature in terrestrial detectors that depends on the coupling strength. We provide a signal analysis and statistical framework for inferring the properties of such DM by taking into account (i) the stochastic and (ii) the vector nature of the underlying field, along with (iii) the effects due to the Earth's rotation. Owing to equipartition, on time scales shorter than the coherence time the DM field vector typically traces out a fixed ellipse. Taking this ellipse and the rotation of the Earth into account, we highlight a distinctive three-peak signal in Fourier space that can be used to constrain DM coupling strengths. Accounting for all three peaks, we derive latitude-independent constraints on such DM couplings, unlike those stemming from single-peak studies. We apply our framework to the search for ultralight B - L DM using optomechanical sensors, demonstrating the ability to delve into previously unprobed regions of this DM candidate's parameter space.

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Polarized solitons in higher-spin wave dark matter

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Polarized Vector Oscillons

Polarized Vector Oscillons

The gravitational afterglow of boson stars

Vector wave dark matter and terrestrial quantum sensors

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