Polarizing beam splitter integrated onto an optical fiber facet

Hahn, Vincent; Kalt, Sebastian; Sridharan, Gayathri M.; Wegener, Martin; Bhattacharya, Subhashish

doi:10.1364/oe.26.033148

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Microoptics can also be produced using direct laser ablation. While extremely complex designs achievable using additive manufacturing are out of the question [ 189 , 190 , 191 ], ablation exceeds those methods by allowing to use of glass and achieve overall size from tens of μm to mm. Optical elements, like various type lenses [ 192 , 193 , 194 ] or axicons [ 195 ], can be produced this way.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Functional 3d Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Butkutė

Jonušauskas

2021

Micromachines

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The rapid expansion of femtosecond (fs) laser technology brought previously unavailable capabilities to laser material processing. One of the areas which benefited the most due to these advances was the 3D processing of transparent dielectrics, namely glasses and crystals. This review is dedicated to overviewing the significant advances in the field. First, the underlying physical mechanism of material interaction with ultrashort pulses is discussed, highlighting how it can be exploited for volumetric, high-precision 3D processing. Next, three distinct transparent material modification types are introduced, fundamental differences between them are explained, possible applications are highlighted. It is shown that, due to the flexibility of fs pulse fabrication, an array of structures can be produced, starting with nanophotonic elements like integrated waveguides and photonic crystals, ending with a cm-scale microfluidic system with micro-precision integrated elements. Possible limitations to each processing regime as well as how these could be overcome are discussed. Further directions for the field development are highlighted, taking into account how it could synergize with other fs-laser-based manufacturing techniques.

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Section: Fabrication Of Functional 3d Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Butkutė

Jonušauskas

2021

Micromachines

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“…Nevertheless, even if the current propagation losses of the 3D printed waveguides based on PCF designs are a little too high for long propagation distances, they are still suitably low enough to achieve unique and well-performing miniaturized photonic devices. We expect that our approach will open up new possibilities to enhance optical fiber end-faces with miniaturized hybrid complex photonic systems based on segments having PCF designs, as well as their easy combination with other 3D-printable refractive, reflective, diffractive, and metamaterial-based elements [31,33,[41][42][43]. These structures may find application in orbital angular momentum, optical tweezers, and quantum technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Besides demonstrating the strengths of our approach, the PCF PBS that we fabricated is significant in itself, as miniaturization and fiber integration of polarization splitting devices are highly desirable features, especially in optical communication systems. Polarizing beam splitters 3D printed on optical fibers have been already reported in the literature [33,34]; however, they are based on diffraction mechanisms, and a further integration in a fiber optical system could be complicated by their intrinsic free-space output. In addition, we anticipate that a similar dual-core PCF structure such as ours could be optimized to perform wavelength demultiplexing or all-optical switching [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed waveguides based on photonic crystal fiber designs for complex fiber-end photonic devices

Bertoncini¹,

Liberale²

2020

Optica

109

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Optical waveguide segments based on geometrically unbound photonic crystal fiber (PCF) designs could be exploited as building blocks to realize miniaturized complex devices that implement advanced photonic operations. Here, we show how to fabricate optical waveguide segments with PCF designs by direct high-resolution 3D printing and how the combination of these segments can realize complex photonic devices. We demonstrate the unprecedented precision and flexibility of our method by fabricating the first-ever fiber polarizing beam splitter based on PCFs. The device was directly printed in one step on the end-face of a standard single-mode fiber and was 210 µm long, offering broadband operation in the optical telecommunications C-band. Our approach harnesses the potential of high-resolution 3D printing and of PCF designs paving the way for the development of novel miniaturized complex photonic systems, which will positively impact and advance optical telecommunications, sensor technology, and biomedical devices.

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“…The main advantage of this technology is the possibility to produce arbitrarily shaped 3D structures with feature size tuning from hundreds of nm to cm in the overall scale, i.e., the whole mesoscale [22]. It was also shown that structures can be produced on various functional substrates, like optical fibers or semiconductors [23,24]. Combined with an immense selection of suitable polymers [25][26][27], it shows huge flexibility and applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

Bakhchova

Jonušauskas

Andrijec³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.

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Polarizing beam splitter integrated onto an optical fiber facet

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

3D printed waveguides based on photonic crystal fiber designs for complex fiber-end photonic devices

Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

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