Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic nitro derivatives of quinoline using mercury electrodes

Abstract

Electrochemical behavior of genotoxic nitro derivatives of quinoline, namely 5-nitroquinoline (5-NQ), 6-nitroquinoline (6-NQ) and 8-nitroquinoline (8-NQ), was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a classical dropping mercury electrode (DME), and by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV), both at a miniaturized hanging mercury drop minielectrode (HMDmE), in buffered aqueous (for 5-NQ) or aqueous-methanolic (for 6-NQ and 8-NQ) solutions. Optimum conditions were found for the determination of 5-NQ, 6-NQ and 8-NQ by DCTP at DME (with limits of quantification, LQ ≈ 9 × 10–7, 3 × 10–7 and 2 × 10–6 mol l–1, respectively), by DPP at DME (LQ ≈ 1 × 10–8, 9 × 10–8 and 1 × 10–7 mol l–1, respectively), by DPV at HMDmE (LQ ≈ 2 × 10–8, 1 × 10–7 and 1 × 10–7 mol l–1, respectively), and by AdSDPV at HMDmE (LQ ≈ 1 × 10–8 mol l–1 for 8-NQ; an attempt at increasing the sensitivity using AdSDPV at HMDmE was not successful for 5-NQ and 6-NQ). Practical applicability of the developed methods was verified on the direct determination of the studied compounds in model samples of drinking and river water in submicromolar concentrations and on the determination in model samples of drinking and river water using preliminary separation and preconcentration by solid phase extraction (SPE) in nanomolar concentrations.

Substituted Nitroquinolines Immobilized in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: An Unconventional Voltammetric Experiment

“…Based on the possible effect of pH on the voltammetric signals of 5-NQ observed in previous work, [16][17][18][19] the -NO 2 group reduction of the 5-NQ peak (N1 signal) is split into two signals at basic pH values or in aprotic media; i.e., an initial 1-electron reduction step to form the ArNO 2…”

“…14 Nitroquinolines are formed during incomplete combustion of both gasoline and diesel fuel and during the biomass pyrolysis process. 15 The electrochemical reduction of nitroquinolines has been studied with mercury electrodes, 16 silver solid amalgam electrodes, 17 silver solid electrodes, 18 carbon-film electrodes 19 and carbon-fiberrod electrodes. 20 However, to date, the electrochemical behavior of nitroquinolines on carbon nanotubes had not been explored.…”

Electroanalysis of Nitro and Amino Derivatives of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…The application of this method on environmental samples requires preliminary separation using liquid-liquid (LLE) or solid phase extraction (SPE) [128] which can be simultaneously used for preconcentration. This approach enables the determination of NPAHs in drinking or river water after LLE with hexane or after SPE using LiChrolut ® EN (Merck, Germany) columns with LODs around 10 -9 mol L -1 [85,128]. The methods for the polarographic and voltammetric determination of selected…”

“…However, the selectivity can be increased by application of preliminary separation step, or it is sufficient in the case, where electroanalytical methods are used to estimate the sum of analytes, or as an inexpensive screening methods monitoring the presence of derivatives of interest in a complex matrix [67,85].…”

Synergistic Effect of 3D/2D Vanadium Diselenide/Tungsten Diselenide Hybrid Materials: Electrochemical Detection of 5-Nitroquinoline a Hazard to the Aquatic Environment

“…In particular, the presence of a highly reducible nitro group in 5-NQ leads to a stronger carcinogenic and mutagenic effect on humans and environmental factors. 19 Therefore, the analysis of 5-NQ in various environmental samples is of great importance for the evaluation of its toxicity and the control of environmental pollution. For this purpose, electrochemical sensing of 5-NQ has been applied, which is a more effective and sensitive technique than other methods.…”