Poleward and weakened westerlies during Pliocene warmth

Abell, Jordan T.; Winckler, Gisela; Anderson, Robert F.; Herbert, T. D.

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03062-1

Cited by 105 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…For example, global cooling during the MPT could have changed the dust transport pathway due to climate-related latitudinal shifts of westerlies (see Figure 1; Schiemann et al, 2009;Nagashima et al, 2011). As observed in the present spring conditions, meridional dispersion of Westerly jet path could occur during cold periods together with a southward shift of the main jet axis (Schiemann et al, 2009;Abell et al, 2021). In such Westerly jet condition, dust supply may have been enhanced from the high-latitude deserts on the Central Asia orogenic belt (e.g., the Mongolian Gobi), which have relatively high ε Nd values (Zhao et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Eolian Dust Evolution Across the Mptmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…During the late Cenozoic, the eolian dust deposition in the North Pacific has gradually increased, which has been suggested to be associated with increased dust production and transportation during the growth of the northern Hemisphere ice sheet and global cooling (Rea et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2016). Such dust evolution can be induced by extreme environmental changes in source regions, such as through the reorganization of atmospheric circulation and aridity/weathering changes (Nie et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Abell et al, 2021), and thus, these processes fundamentally involve changes in mineralogical and chemical composition of eolian dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sediment Magnetic Record in the North Pacific Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition and its Implication on Asian Dust Evolution

2021

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Eolian dust deposited in the North Pacific is an important archive of the evolutionary history of Asian interior source regions and climate system. Here, we present a ∼1 Myr sediment magnetic record from the central North Pacific to characterize eolian dust properties since the middle Pleistocene. For the studied sediments, magnetic components are mainly identified as biogenic magnetite and detrital magnetic minerals (dust and volcanic origins) based on coercivity analysis, microscopic observations, and sedimentological information. The detrital magnetic component is characterized by high coercivity (>100 mT) and shows a long-term increase in concentration since ∼1 Ma. In particular, the concentration shows a considerable increase at ∼0.8–0.7 Ma compared to the inorganic silicate fraction, indicative of magnetic mineral enrichment in detrital sediment fraction. At the same time, the coercivity distribution of the detrital component also decreases, which can be attributed to an increase in the ferrimagnetic mineral contribution. As the detrital sediments are primarily wind-blown particles, such ferrimagnetic enrichment implies a change in dust source materials after ∼0.8 Ma, which could be explained by the reorganization of atmospheric circulation and/or regional aridification in source regions across the mid-Pleistocene transition. The dust property change in source areas is likely to be synchronized across the North Pacific based on the similarity of the long-term trend of magnetic signals.

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Section: Eolian Dust Evolution Across the Mptmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sediment Magnetic Record in the North Pacific Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition and its Implication on Asian Dust Evolution

2021

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“…Our Shatsky Rise records have low resolution through this interval, but there is an apparent increase of δ 18 O values at northernmost Hole 1207A. This shift is likely associated with SST decrease, as the Hole 1208A SST record (Abell et al, 2021; Figure 6d) indicates surface water cooling during this period, along with cooling at Site 882 located to the north of Hole 1207A (Figure 6b). Generation of additional high-resolution proxy data at Holes 1207A and 1209A are necessary before further interpreting the behavior of the KCE during MIS M2; however, these data may indicate a short-lived southward shift of the current in response to the glaciation event.…”

Section: Kce Response To Closure Of the Cas Western Pacific Warm Pool Development And Mis Mg4 To M2mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Using alkenone data, Abell et al (2021) found that cooling at Hole 1208A corresponded to NHG and a southward shift of westerly winds. Alkenone mass accumulation rates estimated for Hole 1208A indicate well-developed 40 kyr paleoproductivity cycles, with higher productivity during growth of Northern Hemisphere ice (Abell et al, 2021;Venti et al, 2017). Planktic foraminifera evolutionary data conducted at three deep sea sites spanning the KCE indicate a period of increased evolutionary turnover within the region from 5 to 2.5 Ma, a time encompassing tectonic gateway closures and climate shifts, hinting that major changes took place within the current in response to these abiotic factors (Lam & Leckie, 2020a;Lam et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pliocene to Earliest Pleistocene (5–2.5 Ma) Reconstruction of the Kuroshio Current Extension Reveals a Dynamic Current

Lam

MacLeod

Schilling

et al. 2021

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Western boundary currents flow along the western edge of ocean basins, transporting vast amounts of heat and moisture from equatorial regions to higher latitudes. The Kuroshio Current (KC) and the Kuroshio Current Extension (KCE) is the western boundary current system of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (Figure 1). The KC originates from the westward-flowing North Equatorial Current and has an estimated volume transport of 23.7-25.0 Sverdrup (Sv; 1 Sv = 1 million cubic meters per second) (Ichikawa & Beardsley, 1993). The current flows past the Izu Ridge until it separates from the Japan coast at approximately 36°N, 141°E flowing east into the Pacific Ocean (Imawaki et al., 2013) where it becomes the KCE. Maximum transport volume of the KCE has been estimated to reach up to 130 Sv (Wijffels et al., 1998). Thus, the KCE jet alone provides massive amounts of heat and moisture for North Pacific midlatitude cyclones. By modifying the path and intensity of storm tracks, changes to the dynamic state of the KCE can alter the stability and pressure gradient within the local atmospheric layers and basin-scale wind stress patterns (Frankignoul & Sennechael, 2007;Kwon et al., 2010) which, in turn, influences atmospheric processes affecting precipitation patterns over Japan and the west coast of North America (Latif & Barnett, 1994).The KCE region is one of the most dynamic and important regions of the world's ocean. Meeting of subtropical water masses brought north by the KC with southward flowing subpolar waters by the Oyashio Current (Figure 1) creates a relatively steep temperature gradient across these currents in the northwest Pacific. This condition leads to annual average water temperatures differing by about 8°C from 35°N to 40°N across the KCE and Oyashio Current (Locarnini et al., 2013). Measurements of air-sea CO 2 fluxes over

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“…On average, global wind speeds have increased over the past three decades (1985–2018; Young & Ribal, 2019). Based on evidence from past climates, under continued warming, westerly winds in both hemispheres are predicted to shift poleward (Abell et al, 2021; Perren et al, 2020). Predicting how these changes will affect plant species in particular will be a challenge, due to the fact that wind not only directly affects plants through physiological responses, but also has an indirect effect on flora through changes in seed dispersal (Tackenberg & Stöcklin, 2008), pollination probability due to impacts on insect activity (Chown et al, 2004), and changes to the substrate in which plants grow (e.g., through desiccation; Fitzgerald & Kirkpatrick, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species differ in their responses to wind: the underexplored link between species fine‐scale occurrences and variation in wind stress

Momberg

Hedding

Luoto

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Species distribution models have traditionally relied heavily on temperature and precipitation, often ignoring other potentially important variables. However, recent advances have shown other climatic variables, including snow cover and solar radiation, may strongly improve predictions of species occurrence. Wind has long been known to have mechanical and physiological impacts on plants, but has not yet received adequate attention as a driver of species distributions. Location Marion Island, sub‐Antarctic. Methods Using data from 1,440 plots in a chronically windy system, we test if wind stress (a combination of wind exposure and wind speed) improves species distribution models of vascular plant species, examining predictions for both species occurrence and cover. Results Wind stress was a significant predictor of the occurrence of 12 of the 16 species, even after accounting for seven other ecophysiologically important abiotic variables. Species showed differential responses to wind, but wind stress was among the four most important drivers for the majority of species when modelling occurrence patterns (10 of 16) and variation in cover (12 of 16). Further, wind stress was more important than all temperature and precipitation variables in predicting the occurrence of six species (and three species’ cover). Conclusions Wind conditions were most influential for species that are characteristic of open, wet environments and for pteridophyte species, likely due to high wind speeds and exposure increasing the potential for moisture loss. This research highlights the value of incorporating wind metrics into species distribution models, particularly under changing wind patterns.

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Poleward and weakened westerlies during Pliocene warmth

Cited by 105 publications

References 97 publications

A Sediment Magnetic Record in the North Pacific Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition and its Implication on Asian Dust Evolution

A Sediment Magnetic Record in the North Pacific Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition and its Implication on Asian Dust Evolution

Pliocene to Earliest Pleistocene (5–2.5 Ma) Reconstruction of the Kuroshio Current Extension Reveals a Dynamic Current

Species differ in their responses to wind: the underexplored link between species fine‐scale occurrences and variation in wind stress

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