Poleward bound: biological impacts of Southern Hemisphere glaciation

Fraser, Ceridwen I.; Nikula, Raisa; Ruzzante, Daniel E.; Waters, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.011

Cited by 207 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Given the limited size and mobility of these benthic polychaetes it is unlikely that adult specimens migrate between the three regions sampled. Instead, it is probable that genetic connectivity between adult populations is maintained by larval dispersal (Fraser et al, 2012).…”

Section: Widespread Antarctic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

et al. 2017

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Recent genetic investigations have uncovered a high proportion of cryptic species within Antarctic polychaetes. It is likely that these evolved in isolation during periods of glaciation, and it is possible that cryptic populations would have remained geographically restricted from one another occupying different regions of Antarctica. By analysing the distributions of nine morphospecies, (six of which contained potential cryptic species), we find evidence for widespread distributions within the West Antarctic. Around 60% of the cryptic species exhibited sympatric distributions, and at least one cryptic clade was found to be widespread. Additional DNA barcodes from GenBank and morphological records extended the observed range of three species studied here, and indicate potential circum-Antarctic traits. Particle tracking analyses were used to model theoretical dispersal ranges of pelagic larvae. Data from these models suggest that the observed species distributions inferred from genetic similarity could have been established and maintained through the regional oceanographic currents, including the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its coastal counter current. Improved understanding of the distribution of Antarctic fauna is essential for predicting the impacts of environmental change and determining management strategies for the region.

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Section: Widespread Antarctic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

et al. 2017

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“…While the biological impacts of recent Quaternary glaciation events on the largely terrestrial Northern Hemisphere have been relatively well documented [3], the oceanic Southern Hemisphere, particularly at higher latitudes, remains poorly described [5] owing to its relative inaccessibility. Recent hypotheses suggested that winter sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) could have extended as far north as South Georgia, Crozet, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands, while Falkland, Gough and New Zealand Islands may have acted as ice-free refugia (figure 1 [6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly dispersive species negatively affected by glacial conditions could have moved northwards to more suitable ice-free breeding habitats during the LGM, while low-dispersive ones may have been strongly reduced in population size or may even have gone extinct [9]. Therefore, post-glacial warming and the subsequent retreat of glaciers and sea ice, probably favoured the re-colonization of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories by dispersive species dependent on ice-free breeding sites [5,6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data

et al. 2014

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How natural climate cycles, such as past glacial/interglacial patterns, have shaped species distributions at the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere is still largely unclear. Here, we show how the post-glacial warming following the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 18 000 years ago), allowed the (re)colonization of the fragmented sub-Antarctic habitat by an upperlevel marine predator, the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and standard mitochondrial data, we tested the behaviour of subsets of anonymous nuclear loci in inferring past demography through coalescent-based and allele frequency spectrum analyses. Our results show that the king penguin population breeding on Crozet archipelago steeply increased in size, closely following the Holocene warming recorded in the Epica Dome C ice core. The following population growth can be explained by a threshold model in which the ecological requirements of this species (year-round ice-free habitat for breeding and access to a major source of food such as the Antarctic Polar Front) were met on Crozet soon after the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition.

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“…Many contemporary diversity and distribution patterns, for example, appear to have been driven largely by the glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene, particularly latitudinal range changes with species moving toward glaciers that are receding (or away from those that are growing) (3,4). Recent evidence indicates, however, that diverse life must have persisted throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) within areas thought to have been covered by large ice sheets (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Geothermal activity helps life survive glacial cycles

Fraser

Terauds

Smellie

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Climate change has played a critical role in the evolution and structure of Earth's biodiversity. Geothermal activity, which can maintain ice-free terrain in glaciated regions, provides a tantalizing solution to the question of how diverse life can survive glaciations. No comprehensive assessment of this "geothermal glacial refugia" hypothesis has yet been undertaken, but Antarctica provides a unique setting for doing so. The continent has experienced repeated glaciations that most models indicate blanketed the continent in ice, yet many Antarctic species appear to have evolved in almost total isolation for millions of years, and hence must have persisted in situ throughout. How could terrestrial species have survived extreme glaciation events on the continent? Under a hypothesis of geothermal glacial refugia and subsequent recolonization of nongeothermal regions, we would expect to find greater contemporary diversity close to geothermal sites than in nongeothermal regions, and significant nestedness by distance of this diversity. We used spatial modeling approaches and the most comprehensive, validated terrestrial biodiversity dataset yet created for Antarctica to assess spatial patterns of diversity on the continent. Models clearly support our hypothesis, indicating that geothermally active regions have played a key role in structuring biodiversity patterns in Antarctica. These results provide critical insights into the evolutionary importance of geothermal refugia and the history of Antarctic species.dispersal | GIS | polar region | volcano | Last Glacial Maximum

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Poleward bound: biological impacts of Southern Hemisphere glaciation

Cited by 207 publications

References 101 publications

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data

Geothermal activity helps life survive glacial cycles

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