Police and Public Funerals

Abstract

Durkheim and his followers alerted us to the role of collective representations such as funerals, processions and parades in pre-literate societies. These classic studies, elegant and detailed, have stood the test of time. Goffman has asked whether these events, along with memory and tradition, produce social solidarity in the twenty-first century. Perhaps social solidarity is enacted by such events, rather than reflecting norms, values, and beliefs. If so, how is this new kind of solidarity accomplished over the course of these events? We have few close studies of these modern public events, other than Warner's classic, the Living and the Dead (1959), and Bellah's ideas, via Rousseau, of the role of "civic religion. " These ideas are inadequately articulated, given an ethnographic warrant to link structure and function. This paper begins with a description of a funeral of a police officer in 1974 (Manning, 1977), compares this with a police funeral in 2011, and addresses two questions: how are they different? And what do these collective representations tell us about modernity? Are police funerals different from others in the public sphere (not those honored who served in the fire service or the military)? The paper uses a semiotic analysis of funerals, police and public, as a window into the features of modern celebrations and processions. Given the relevant codes used to analyze the processions, the differences are salient. The contrast between these processions and their role in social integration in modernity raises the need for future research.

Understanding the Shift: A Grounded Theory Examination of Police Retirement as Role Exit

“…At the same time, the importance of collective celebration extends beyond individual-level affect. By highlighting officers' dedication to their organization and community, retirement celebrations, like police funerals (Manning 2015), reinforce the "sacred" (Durkheim 1965) and thus have meso-level significance: their institutionalized and ritualised dynamics (especially in the case of drop-in sessions and banquets) reinforce the value and legitimacy of the organization and the contributions of its individual members (see Collins 2004). That said, officers seeking to decrease the visibility of their exit by limiting or avoiding celebrations suggests, once again, that incipient retirees make an effort to alter the trajectory of a highly structured retirement process, albeit with varying degrees of success.…”

The social construction of police heroes

“…This policewoman was buried with full police honours and the funeral was attended by hundreds of police officers in uniform. However, in his study, Manning was not so much interested in how and why a police officer was honoured as a hero, but what can be learned from the ceremonies and symbols used at this funeral about the presentation of the police to their audience (see also Manning, 2015).…”