Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: The Case of Para-police<i>Chengguan</i>and Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China

Xu, Jianhua; Jiang, Anli

doi:10.1093/bjc/azy018

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Most researchers who do policing or criminological studies face difficulties gaining access to police departments in China (e.g. Chang, 2012 ; Scoggins and O’Brien, 2016 ; Wang, 2014 , 2020 ; Xu, 2009 ; Xu and Jiang, 2019 ; Zhong, 2009 ). The author used a personal relationship to gain access to public security organs to do fieldwork and collect these data, which contain information related to the date and time of occurrence and types of call for service made from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2020.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Lockdown on Police Service Calls During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Dai

Xia

Han

2021

Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice

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Police service calls have been studied widely in the Western context, but they are rarely discussed in the Chinese context. For the context of this study, it is important to note that the Chinese authorities implemented the strictest lockdown after the COVID-19 pandemic began. Drawing on the data from a county-level city in Hubei province, this study examines changes in the quantity and nature of 110 service calls before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The results indicate that the average weekly call numbers before and after the lockdown were higher than during the lockdown. Meanwhile, different call types produced different patterns, though the weekly call totals decreased during the lockdown. There was a significant decrease in crime, traffic, and dispute calls, but a substantial increase in calls related to domestic violence, public security, and other issues. Changes in the frequency of different call types pose challenges to police departments. These findings will have implications for deploying police forces and allocating resources within the pandemic crisis in particular.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Lockdown on Police Service Calls During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Dai

Xia

Han

2021

Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice

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“…The development of the economy has made psychological services affordable, meaning psychotherapists can be more easily and frequently accessed than even before. Regarding urban management workers, the frequently reported violence between urban management workers and street vendors [ 81 ] on social media makes this group vulnerable to substantial stigma, and thus leads to it falling into the LW-LC quadrant. With the urbanization of China over the past decades, millions of migrant workers have flocked to the cities and this group has attracted much attention in previous studies [ 47 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypes of Social Groups in Mainland China in Terms of Warmth and Competence: Evidence from a Large Undergraduate Sample

Yang

Fan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has been validated in multiple countries and regions. However, previous validation studies in China have been limited by small sample size. The current research increased the sample size (n = 184 in the pilot study; n1 = 1315 and n2 = 268 in the formal study) to validate the SCM in mainland China in study 1. Supporting the SCM, 41 social groups were clustered into four quadrants based on warmth and competence dimensions. 35 of the 41 target groups (85.37%) receive ambivalent stereotype. Perceived warmth and competence were positively correlated (r = 0.585, p < 0.001). Status and competence were positively related (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), and competition and warmth were negatively related (r = −0.77, p < 0.001). In addition, 24 typical social groups were selected and a list of stereotype words for these groups was developed in study 2 (n1 = 48, n2 = 52). The implications of the emerging social groups and the applications of this stereotype word list are discussed.

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“…The first part of the data came from systematic social observation (SSO). Despite various challenges, SSO has proved to be a powerful method to generate unique empirical data and it is also invaluable in complementing other sources of data (Sampson & Raudenbush, 1999; Xu, 2013b; Xu & Jiang, 2019). There were two parts of data collection in our SSO.…”

Section: Research Questions Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sixth set came from the data mining of information related to confiscation and regulation of rickshaws to be found in Wisenews, a database containing most of the newspapers in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. This method has been used in several earlier studies (Xu, 2012, 2013a, 2015; Xu & Jiang, 2019). The keyword “rickshaw” (五类车) was used to search in the database between 2009 and 2018.…”

Section: Research Questions Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climbing the Protest Pyramid: A Situational Analysis of the Resistance of Rickshaw Drivers in Guangzhou, China

Xu¹

2020

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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Guangzhou police confiscated more than 1,000 “illegal” rickshaws every day since they were banned from use in the city. However, rickshaws were omnipresent in all corners of the city, representing a massive army of unemployed or underemployed workers struggling to eke out a living. Various strategies were used by these rickshaw operators to protest and resist the mass confiscation by the police. Using data collected through systematic social observation of police law enforcement and rickshaw drivers’ routine activities, focus group interviews with the police, in-depth semistructured interviews with rickshaw drivers, official police detention statistics of rickshaw drivers, and media content data mining, this article provides a typology and an analysis of resistance. Based on the severity and intensity of resistance, these typologies are ranked in what I shall call a “pyramid of resistance.” This article further examines how situational factors such as degree of frustration, procedural justice, mobilization capacity, and campaign-style policing affect the escalation of resistance.

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Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: The Case of Para-policeChengguanand Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

The Impact of Lockdown on Police Service Calls During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

The Impact of Lockdown on Police Service Calls During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Stereotypes of Social Groups in Mainland China in Terms of Warmth and Competence: Evidence from a Large Undergraduate Sample

Climbing the Protest Pyramid: A Situational Analysis of the Resistance of Rickshaw Drivers in Guangzhou, China

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