Police failure in identifying victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation: an empirical study in Vietnam

Perceptions of Governmental and Nongovernmental Actors of Human Trafficking Victims: The Case of Vietnam

“…This circular explains that trafficking in persons is to be understood as the act of one person (or a group of people), transferring one person to another (or another group of people) to earn money, property or other material profits. This includes selling persons to another regardless of the buyer's purpose, buying persons to resell to others, using persons as exchange or payment and buying persons for exploitation, forced labour or other inhuman purposes (Nguyen 2019). However, this circular considers the use of benefit to be a compulsory factor in the definition of human trafficking.…”

“…In the Nation Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons from 2016 to 2020, the Government of Vietnam identifies victim-centred approaches as essential in addressing human trafficking (Nguyen, Le and Luong 2020). Accordingly, stakeholders have increased their understanding of this crime to better identify, assist and protect victims.…”

International Cooperation in Prevention and Combating Human Trafficking in Southeast Asian Region: A Case Study of Vietnam

“…Also, the demand for sex outside of marriage, the need to find cheap labour in some countries in the region and around the world are the causes for the crime of trafficking in persons and complicated movements, forming lines, gangs, and organisations trafficking in persons (Beadle & Davison, 2019;Hoang et al, 2018). Because of the need for gaining more money to serve their life, some people have been seduced, deceived, and become victims of crime (Oanh, Toan, & Hai, 2020). Victims gullible caught off guard or byword should be tricked, dragged and exploited by criminals (Anh, 2014;Huong, 2015).…”

“…There are several reasonable causes to lead the situation of human trafficking in Vietnam still complicated and even increase cases and victim (Oanh et al, 2020). One is the effectiveness of legal protection agencies in the fight against trafficking in persons that is not strict (Hoang, 2017;Hoang et al, 2018).…”

“…Lastly, many legal provisions related to this field also reveal limitations, shortcomings and incompatibilities with the requirements of international law (Ngoc, 2019;Nhien, 2016). Amongst, the issue of international cooperation between Vietnam and other countries in the prevention and combat of human trafficking has achieved many significant results, especially in cooperation in information exchange and support of investigation, arresting criminals as well as rescuing and accepting returned trafficked victims (Oanh et al, 2020). However, in addition to international aid in the prevention and combat of human trafficking crimes, there are difficulties and obstacles, especially in the cooperation mechanism and incompatibility in the laws of countries.…”