Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ: A quasi-experimental test of crime deterrence

Caplan, Joel M.; Kennedy, Leslie W.; Petrossian, Gohar A.

doi:10.1007/s11292-011-9125-9

Cited by 97 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the other two sites diffusion of benefits have been established; namely WDQ's 0.43 and 0.51. These last two values are close to the values that Caplan et al [26] and Park et al [14] calculated in the studies. A limitation of this study is that in a number of experimental fields a very low frequency (monthly) of serious crime.…”

Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This means that CCTV has cause to do a diffusion of benefits. In this study, as in the study by Caplan et al [26] there is a net positive impact of the intervention. This means that adjacent areas benefit from the presence of CCTV in the intervention area.…”

Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Five studies [14,[26][27][28][29] have used the Weighted Displacement Quotient [ WDQ ] [19]. This is a commonly used method to measure a possible displacement or multiplier effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first study of Caplan et al [26] calculated a WDQ of .23 for shootings. For a car theft WDQ of .78 was calculated.…”

Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2015

FRCIJ

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Research Article Introduction A Systematic Review of Displacement and Diffusion Effects of Crime Through Formal SurveillanceFrom the nineties, CCTV deployed in public areas [1]. Since then, several studies have calculated that in London at least hang half a million video cameras [1]. This is roughly equivalent to an average of one camera for every fifteen people. Not only in London was from the nineties to see an increase in the number of cameras, but also in major cities in countries such as France and Spain [2]. Camera surveillance is an example of formal surveillance, as well as for police patrols and alarm systems [3,4]. According Weisburd et al. [5], there is increasing evidence that various forms of formal surveillance impact in crime in and around the area of the intervention. For example, the risk that crime and nuisance move to areas with no intervention, in the sense of formal surveillance is present.The objective of formal surveillance is deterring offenders and potential offenders. This formal surveillance is accomplished through the use of actors who are primarily responsible for security, such as police officers and other security personnel. The introduction of technology, the above-mentioned actors helped or even replaced. For this reason, it is also to be placed under the term formal surveillance [6,7]. According to the rational choice theory [8] are offenders by committing formal surveillance deter crime. This theory states that because offenders and potential offenders weigh the costs and benefits of committing crime. The presence of formal surveillance increases the risk of getting caught. This increased risk of being caught, the costs are also increased, making the cost-benefit analysis is less favorable.Another criminological theory consistent with the deterrent effect of formal surveillance is routine activity theory of Cohen & Felson [9]. According to routine activity theory, the probability that a crime is committed greater when meet the following three conditions: lack of oversight, a motivated offender and suitable target [10]. Sets the theory implied that if (formal) supervision is present in a public space, this deters offenders and potential offenders. With a public space, as in the article of Welsh Mudge & Farrington [11], a space meant that one can make use of unencumbered and accessible for basically every citizen. The above criminological theories as Bernasco et al. [12] compatible with the theory of situational crime prevention Clarke [13]. This approach to prevention focuses on the potential target of a perpetrator. This target should be protected by formal surveillance which increases the probability of detection of the perpetrator.However itself, a number of situations occur when formal surveillance increases in a particular area, to ensure that formal surveillance not always lead to a reduction in overall crime. These situations indicate that crime in different ways can be moved as a result of an increase in formal surveillance in an area [14]. Repetto TA [15] outlined five...

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Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Five studies [14,[26][27][28][29] have used the Weighted Displacement Quotient [ WDQ ] [19]. This is a commonly used method to measure a possible displacement or multiplier effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first study of Caplan et al [26] calculated a WDQ of .23 for shootings. For a car theft WDQ of .78 was calculated.…”

Section: Studies With a Wdq Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2015

FRCIJ

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“…An example of this can be found in the study by Caplan et al (2011) in which they examined the crime-deterring effect of police-monitored CCTV cameras on the streets of Newark, New Jersey, and used aerial imagery from Google Maps to improve the measurement of the line of sight of CCTV cameras. Caplan et al (2011) began with the assertion that despite the mixed results of research, CCTV cameras are increasingly being installed in public spaces with the intention to deter crime. They argued that cameras inherently have a limited effect on discouraging crime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Google Maps and Google Street View in criminological research

Vandeviver

2014

Crime Sci

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Online mapping technologies such as Google Maps and Street View have become increasingly accessible. These technologies have many convenient uses in everyday life, but law enforcement agencies have expressed concern that they could be exploited by offenders and might alter existing offending patterns and habits. For environmental criminologists, they have the potential to open up new approaches to conducting research. This paper draws on the results of earlier studies in related fields and a handful of criminological studies to discuss how these online mapping applications can trigger new research questions, and how they could be considered a valuable methodological addition to criminological research.

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Some effects of detection dogs on passenger behavior at border control ports

Williams

Sharp

2023

J of App Behav Analysis

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Detection dogs are used at border controls as an antecedent intervention to deter the smuggling of contraband. However, there is little research that has explored how the presence of dogs might affect passenger behavior. We observed passengers' behavior at a port when there was an officer alone, an officer with a dog, and an officer with a dog wearing a florescent yellow jacket with “police” written on it for increased salience. We measured eye contact, vocal‐verbal interactions, facial expressions, and nonvocal verbal gestures toward the officer and dog, and changes in passenger direction. Passengers looked, talked, and had the highest frequencies of positive facial expressions when the dog was not wearing a jacket. However, passengers looked toward the dog the quickest and had the highest frequency of negative facial expressions and gestures when the dog was wearing a jacket. We discuss how these findings might inform antecedent interventions to address undesirable behavior such as smuggling.

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Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ: A quasi-experimental test of crime deterrence

Cited by 97 publications

References 34 publications

Untitled

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Applying Google Maps and Google Street View in criminological research

Some effects of detection dogs on passenger behavior at border control ports

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