Police Stress in the Swedish Context: Development and Psychometric Properties of the Police Stress Identification Questionnaire

Ghazinour, Mehdi; Padyab, Mojgan; Hansson, Jonas

doi:10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-01-05

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, both biomarkers and subjective measurements have shortcomings. Regardless of the choice of methods, individual motivations (Ghazinour et al 2021) and situational cues strongly affect performance, outcomes from biomarkers, and responses (Giessing et al 2019). It is therefore essential to ensure the ecological validity of the method applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Rabbing

Bjørkelo

Fostervold

et al. 2022

J Police Crim Psych

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Despite a growing body of research, there is no systematic body of evidence that establishes the rigour of existing measures of stress among police. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate (1) the diversity of stress measures used in police research and (2) the psychometric properties of such measures and the ways in which they are utilised. The systematic literature search discovered 16,216 records, which were reduced to 442 records of relevance. A total of 20 qualitative and 422 quantitative studies were found to be relevant, including a total of 129 unique measures, of which the majority showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.80). The identified measures pertain to four main categories: police-specific, perceived stress, psychological and physiological outcomes (including mood and affect changes), and assessment batteries. The measures have a general tendency to emphasise illness, and police-specific stressors pertain mostly to traditional police work. Measures should be chosen based on the aspect of the stress phenomenon that is to be investigated. This study provides detailed recommendations concerning how to use these measures to advance research concerning stress among police.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Rabbing

Bjørkelo

Fostervold

et al. 2022

J Police Crim Psych

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“…The PSIQ is a 42-item self-reported instrument used to measure police work stress on a 9-point Likert scale [ranging from “no stress” (0) to “the most stressful level” ( 9 )] and was developed by Ghazinour et al ( 56 ). The items placed in five subscales include organizational stress (17 items with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93), operational stress (six items with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93), impact on significant others (seven items with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88), self-image (six items with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78), confrontation with death (four items with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80), and two single items to measure different types of stressors in police work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job satisfaction among Swedish police officers: The role of work-related stress, gender-based and sexual harassment

Rostami

Ghazinour

Burman

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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The aim of this cross-sectional study is to increase our understanding of job satisfaction in Swedish police officers by taking into account work-related stress, and sexual and gender-based harassment. Data were collected from 152 police officers working in vulnerable areas in Stockholm using sociodemographic questions, the Police Stress Identification Questionnaire (PSIQ), Sexual and gender-based harassment questions, and Job Descriptive Index (JDI). The obtained results indicated that male and female police officers reported the highest satisfaction in “people on your present job.” The lowest score of job satisfaction in both male and female police officers was related to “opportunity for promotion” and then “pay.” There were no significant differences in the subscales of job satisfaction between male and female police officers. The older and more experienced officers, the less satisfaction was reported in “job in general” and more satisfaction reported in “pay.” Comparing job satisfaction between patrol officers and those officers who worked in internal services showed police patrol officers had higher job satisfaction in “job in general,” “work in the present job,” “opportunity for promotion” and “supervision” compared to their counterparts in internal services. There were not any significant differences between the subscales of job satisfaction between male and female police officers. There was not any significant association between job satisfaction subscales and having experience of sexual or gender-based harassment. Among various subscales of police stressors, organizational stress was in negative relation with three domains of job satisfaction; “job in general,” “pay” and “supervision.” Also, hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed organizational stress was most often of predictive impact related to various job satisfaction domains in police officers.

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“…A 42-item Police Stress Identification Questionnaire (11) was used to measure stress levels with the following instruction: "These questions map different types of stressors that affect you as a police officer or civil servant. Mark with a cross how strong you experienced the stress.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A numerical rating from 0 to 9 was applied, with 9 indicating the most stressful level. A previous study has reported the validity and reliability of the instrument (11). Reliability of the questionnaire was checked with internal consistency assessment methods.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the identification of police stress contributes to self-awareness among police officers and to police education by supporting the development of theoretical and practical modules to prepare police trainees for future police work. Researchers have reported the long-term effects of stress on police officers, which include maladaptive and antisocial behaviors, such as problem drinking, hyperaggressiveness, and violence in work and private life (11,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A comparative study of stress experienced by Swedish and Norwegian police officers

Padyab

Hansson

Sundqvist

et al. 2023

Front. Health Serv.

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IntroductionPolice officers work in a variable environment under different circumstances and often involves stressful situations. This include working irregular hours, ongoing exposure to critical incidents, confrontations and violence. community police officers are mainly out in the society and have daily contact with the general public. critical incidents can also consist of being criticized and stigmatized as a police officer, both from the public but also lack of support from their own organization. There is evidence on negative impacts of stress on police officers. However, knowledge about the nature of police stress and its various types is insufficient. It is assumed that there are common stress factors which are universal among all police officers in different contexts but there is a lack of comparative studies to provide empirical evidence. The aim of this study is to compare different types of stress among police officers in Norway and Sweden and how the pattern of experiencing stress has changed over time in these countries.MethodsThe study population consisted of patrolling police officers from 20 local police districts or units in all seven regions in Sweden (n = 953) and patrolling police officers from four police districts in Norway (n = 678). A 42-item Police Stress Identification Questionnaire was used to measure the stress level.ResultsThe findings show differences in types of stressful events as well as its severity among police officers in Sweden and Norway. The level of stress decreased over time among Swedish police officers whereas it showed no change or even an increase among the Norwegian participants.DiscussionThe results of this study are relevant for policy-makers, police authorities and lay police officers in each country to tailor their efforts to prevent stress among police officers.

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Police Stress in the Swedish Context: Development and Psychometric Properties of the Police Stress Identification Questionnaire

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Job satisfaction among Swedish police officers: The role of work-related stress, gender-based and sexual harassment

A comparative study of stress experienced by Swedish and Norwegian police officers

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