Police Use of Deadly Force in Tennessee Following Tennessee v. Garner

Culliver, Concetta; Sigler, Robert T.

doi:10.1177/104398629501100304

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In his seminal article examining the impact of the NYPD defense of life deadly force policy (which it implemented in 1972), Fyfe (1979) found that such an intervention could reduce the quantity of police shootings without placing officers at an increased risk of death or injury. Other research has confirmed and broadened Fyfe's original findings (e.g., Culliver and Sigler, 1995;MacDonald et al, 2001;White, 2001White, , 2002White, , 2003White, , 2006. In a subsequent article, Fyfe (1982) demonstrated that departments still operating under the so-called "fleeing felon" rule (i.e., Memphis), as compared with departments with a defense of life deadly force policy (i.e., the NYPD), produced substantial racial disparities among suspects shot by the police.…”

Section: "Evidence" On the Importance Of The Collection Of And Accessmentioning

confidence: 62%

Collect and Release Data on Coercive Police Actions*

Kane

2007

Criminology & Public Policy

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In the year 2006, how many times did police officers in the United States use deadly force? 1 During that same year, how many times did police officers use their batons or chemical spray during encounters with people in any given community? How many high-speed police pursuits ended in collisions? How many vehicle stops last year in any given community led to vehicle searches, and what was the racial composition of those searched as compared with those stopped? All of these questions have the same answer: We do not know. Despite that it is now common practice for American police departments to maintain escalation of force and deadly force policies, as well as policies and guidelines crafted to regulate other forms of coercive behavior, departments typically are not required to collect or distribute data on coercive processes (e.g., specialized deployments) and outcomes (e.g., use of force, deadly force, or stop and frisk). Indeed, although policing during the second half of the twentieth century developed into a highly bureaucratic public enterprise, the increased bureaucratization of police departments seems to have occurred in the absence of concomitant increases in the ability of the public to audit them.This essay argues that all police departments should adopt as a collective professional standard the practices of (1) collecting comprehensive data on all coercive activities, including disciplinary actions, 2 and (2) making those data available with minimal filtering and justification to members of the polity. Although it may seem that this recommendation is simply a call for additional research on police coercion, it is indeed a public policy recommendation based-perhaps indirectly-on evidence. The following sections describe the general unavailability of police data, as well as the reasons why these data should be collected and made available to the public. To support the recommendations, the essay then provides, as evidence, research findings from studies conducted on canine deployments (i.e., a coercive process) and deadly force (i.e., a coercive outcome).

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Section: "Evidence" On the Importance Of The Collection Of And Accessmentioning

confidence: 62%

Collect and Release Data on Coercive Police Actions*

Kane

2007

Criminology & Public Policy

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“…First, we cannot make direct assumptions about how the policy we study here affects actual officer behavior; however, deterrence theories predict that unclear or vague policies and laxity in investigations of police misconduct should make ethnic profiling more likely. Prior studies on police use of force confirm that administrative policies that are clearly enforced can reduce police shootings (Geller and Scott ), while lack of oversight by administrators can lead to more police shootings (White , Sparger and Giacopassi ; Culliver and Sigler ). Applied to the present study, these findings suggest that absent specific policy regulations, police will be more likely to engage in ethnic profiling (Varsanyi ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Law Enforcement Policy on Illegal Immigration Stops: Do Social Factors Determine How Aggressively Local Police Respond to Unauthorized Immigrants?

Kent

Carmichael

2016

Sociological Inquiry

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The devolution of immigration law has increased local police involvement in the enforcement of federal immigration law. But only some departments have responded by implementing policies that restrict their officers' involvement in order to protect residents from overzealous policing. We test theories of economic and ethnic threat to explore the structural characteristics of cities that explain this variation. Multiple regression results show that the most unequal cities that have large Hispanic populations are less likely to have a policy. Hispanic white segregation and high unemployment also reduce the likelihood of policy implementation. We discuss theoretical and policy implications.

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“…In part, this was because of the 1985 Tennessee v. Garner decision, which outlined the conditions under which deadly force could be used. In doing so, the decision also implicitly underscored those instances in which the use of lethal force might result in civil suits against law enforcement agencies (Culliver & Sigler, 1995;Sparger & Giacopassi, 1992). Besides focusing on the nature and scope of legal decisions related to the use of lethal force, the literature also became more diverse.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Analysis of Wrongful Death Lawsuits Involving Police Officers in the United States, 1995-2005

2007

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This article examines the nature of wrongful death lawsuits involving police officers in the United States. By reviewing state-level cases, the authors determine the circumstances surrounding the incidents. More specifically, the authors note characteristics such as the parties typically involved in the cases, the situation in which the deaths occurred, the location of the incidents, the status of the deceased (suspect/nonsuspect), the number of officers involved in the incidents, the specific reasons for the suits, and the outcomes of the cases. Multivariate analyses were also performed to determine the strongest predictors of success in these suits. The implications of the research for police officers and citizens are also discussed.

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Police Use of Deadly Force in Tennessee Following Tennessee v. Garner

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Collect and Release Data on Coercive Police Actions*

Collect and Release Data on Coercive Police Actions*

Municipal Law Enforcement Policy on Illegal Immigration Stops: Do Social Factors Determine How Aggressively Local Police Respond to Unauthorized Immigrants?

A Quantitative Analysis of Wrongful Death Lawsuits Involving Police Officers in the United States, 1995-2005

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