Police use of force and neighbourhood characteristics: an examination of structural disadvantage, crime, and resistance

Lersch, Kim Michelle; Bazley, Thomas D.; Mieczkowski, Thomas; Childs, Kristina K.

doi:10.1080/10439460802091690

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This measure, proportion of aggressive resistance incidents , offers a way to control for one of the strongest situational predictors of force behavior, and it allows us to capture important differences among workgroups in their exposure to aggressive resistance. It is also consistent with the experiences of other researchers who have had similar data issues and have incorporated proportional resistance measures to examine force at the neighborhood level (Lersch et al., ).…”

Section: Police Culture and Officers’ Organizational Environmentssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For this example, the primary dependent variable represents the number of times an officer resorted to using a "high" level of force (i.e., any time an officer reported using hard-hand force, chemical spray, CEDs, or other impact weapons as the highest level of force) during citizen encounters. The variable is a count of the frequency in which officers use such force and is similar to the results of prior research examining the relationship between higher levels of force and neighborhood characteristics (Lersch et al, 2008), as well as that examining situational-and officer-based predictors (Terrill and Mastrofski, 2002).…”

Section: Force Data and Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Police Culture and Officer Behavior: Application of a Multilevel Framework

Ingram¹,

Terrill

Paoline

2018

Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although recent advancements have been made in the understanding and studying of police culture, several significant gaps remain, including deficiencies in theoretical development and the lack of research on culture's influence on police practice. In the current study, we apply a multilevel theoretical framework to the examination of officers’ cultural attitudes and behavior to help bridge these gaps. In doing so, police culture is treated as a collective feature of patrol groups as opposed to as an individual‐level attribute. Furthermore, we extend previous work by introducing the concept of culture strength as a moderator of the culture–behavior relationship. After drawing on survey and behavioral data from a national multimethod project, we then test this framework with two empirical examples from each of the primary work environments (i.e., street and organization) in which police culture originates and operates. The findings reveal that workgroup culture is associated with officers’ behaviors, representing a collective effect, and that the relationship between culture and behavior may not always be linear. The results provide support for incorporating a multilevel approach to the study of police culture and officer behavior.

show abstract

Section: Police Culture and Officers’ Organizational Environmentssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Force Data and Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 91%

Police Culture and Officer Behavior: Application of a Multilevel Framework

Ingram¹,

Terrill

Paoline

2018

Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A core police role has long been considered judicious but not undue use of psychological and physical force to maintain order 4 51–54. Police also are trained to survive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perils of police action: a cautionary tale from US data sets

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo count and characterise injuries resulting from legal intervention by US law enforcement personnel and injury ratios per 10 000 arrests or police stops, thus expanding discussion of excessive force by police beyond fatalities.DesignEcological.PopulationThose injured during US legal police intervention as recorded in 2012 Vital Statistics mortality census, 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project nationwide inpatient and emergency department samples, and two 2015 newspaper censuses of deaths.Exposure2012 and 2014 arrests from Federal Bureau of Investigation data adjusted for non-reporting jurisdictions; street stops and traffic stops that involved vehicle or occupant searches, without arrest, from the 2011 Police Public Contact Survey (PPCS), with the percentage breakdown by race computed from pooled 2005, 2008 and 2011 PPCS surveys due to small case counts.ResultsUS police killed or injured an estimated 55 400 people in 2012 (95% CI 47 050 to 63 740 for cases coded as police involved). Blacks, Native Americans and Hispanics had higher stop/arrest rates per 10 000 population than white non-Hispanics and Asians. On average, an estimated 1 in 291 stops/arrests resulted in hospital-treated injury or death of a suspect or bystander. Ratios of admitted and fatal injury due to legal police intervention per 10 000 stops/arrests did not differ significantly between racial/ethnic groups. Ratios rose with age, and were higher for men than women.ConclusionsHealthcare administrative data sets can inform public debate about injuries resulting from legal police intervention. Excess per capita death rates among blacks and youth at police hands are reflections of excess exposure. International Classification of Diseases legal intervention coding needs revision.

show abstract

“…At the very leastand methodologically speakingthe two different tracking policies (Sherman 2013) create a comparability issue between forces. The disparities illustrate the implications on police accountability and particularly around the transparency and the reporting of use of force, which continuous to be a contentious area in policing (Lersch et al 2008;Pate et al 1993;Terrill 2001;Garner et al 2006;Wolf et al 2009). This problem is exacerbated when many forces, including Officers are instructed to record the detail of any incident, force used and the rationale supporting the application based on the NDM in their pocket notebooks.…”

Section: Missing Gaps In the Literature On Bwcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the effects of police body-worn cameras on use of force during arrests: A randomised controlled trial in a large British police force

Henstock

Ariel

2017

European Journal of Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is, at present, a worldwide uncontrolled social experiment taking place within policing on body-worn-cameras, without much evidence from controlled studies  Our randomized-controlled-trial aims to reveal the conditions under which body-worncameras can effect arrest dynamics in England and Wales  Scholars interested in use of force should differentiate between "compliant handcuffs" which are part of the arrest procedure rather than use-of-force per se, and "noncompliant handcuffing", which form a step on the force continuum.  Overall, the odds of use of force while using body-worn-cameras are 50% lower than control conditions. However, the effect is statistically significant only when compliant handcuffing is removed from the definition of "use of force".  Instead, the odds of reporting compliant handcuffing under treatment conditions increased by 40% compared to control conditions, which is likely to be a result of enhanced police accountability.  Overall, the effect of body-worn cameras in frontline policing is concentrated on "openend tactics" rather than more aggressive force responses (e.g., batons, Taser discharges, pepper spray, etc.).

show abstract

Police use of force and neighbourhood characteristics: an examination of structural disadvantage, crime, and resistance

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Police Culture and Officer Behavior: Application of a Multilevel Framework

Police Culture and Officer Behavior: Application of a Multilevel Framework

Perils of police action: a cautionary tale from US data sets

Testing the effects of police body-worn cameras on use of force during arrests: A randomised controlled trial in a large British police force

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About