Police use of handcuffs in the homeless population leads to long-term negative attitudes within this group

Krameddine, Yasmeen I.; Silverstone, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.034

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The war on drugs, rooted in inequitable drug policies (Lloyd, 2013; UK Drug Policy Commission, 2011; UNHCHR, 2015; UNODC, 2018), continues to criminalize and stigmatize youth and others who use drugs, especially those who are marginalized by race, poverty, and homelessness. Our research has explored how these broad structural harms can be experienced and lived at the micro level, in the all too frequent negative interactions, bodily contacts, and intense affect of youth–police encounters, which reproduce problem-focused and deficit-based subjectivities (Drawson et al, 2017; Krameddine & Silverstone, 2016; McAra & McVie, 2005, 2010; Mosher, 2008). Highlighting bodily experiences and emotions in these encounters forces us to think deeply about how social inequities harm, linger, and are reproduced by those who are vulnerable and by those charged by society with monitoring and managing them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Accidental Intimacies”: Reconsidering Bodily Encounters Between Police and Young People Who Use Drugs

Selfridge

Mitchell

Greer

et al. 2020

Contemporary Drug Problems

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Youth who use drugs (YWUD) are likely to encounter the police and experience victimization within those encounters. Negative experiences of police among youth can dramatically undermine youths’ trust in police, making them unlikely to ask for help when they need it. In this article, we use Rance and Fraser’s concept of “accidental intimacies” between staff and people who inject drugs arising in encounters within supervised consumption sites. Their exploration of Sarah Ahmed’s work on the social productivity of emotions argues that new subjectivities that counter or transform stigma and shame surrounding drug use can occur from the space between individuals. For Ahmed “emotions do things, and work to align individuals with collectives—[linking] bodily space with social space—through the very intensity of their attachments.” During 2017–2018, 38 youth (aged 16–30 years) who use drugs in three cities in British Columbia, Canada, were interviewed to explore their encounters (both positive and negative) with police and how these influenced their perceptions of police. In this article, we assert that the dynamic of “we” and “them,” of the YWUD and police, is constituted in part through the powerful emotions created and confirmed by negative bodily encounters where the bodies of youth and police collide through physical and/or verbal contact. The repetition of emotions and objectification through stigma within their communities force some youth to repeatedly confront harmful subjectivities. Rance and Fraser’s work provides possibilities for shifting these stigmatizing subjectivities. For change to occur, addressing the historical and present realities that impact YWUD will help facilitate and enhance more respectful communication and interactions between YWUD and police. Bodily encounters may also present opportunities for both YWUD and police to reflect on the subjectivities that reinforce and are shaped by their negative interactions with one another. Incremental change may be possible as we find new meanings in youths’ understanding of and compassion for police and their work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Accidental Intimacies”: Reconsidering Bodily Encounters Between Police and Young People Who Use Drugs

Selfridge

Mitchell

Greer

et al. 2020

Contemporary Drug Problems

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show abstract

“…Use of force was also more common during the evening period, which may also be related to less availability of the mental health services. Coercive interventions, particularly being handcuffed, have been shown to foster long-term negative attitudes towards police in groups of people who are socially marginalized (Boscarato et al 2014;Krameddine & Silverstone 2015). In addition, use of force contradicts the policy direction of mental health services towards less use of force and reducing the use of restrictive interventions (Ministry of Health, 2012b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police and mental health responses to mental health crisis in the Waikato region of New Zealand

Holman

O’Brien

Thom

2018

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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New Zealand police report a high level of involvement with people in mental health crisis, something that has been reported in the international literature in recent decades. Involvement of police represents a coercive pathway to care and is likely to be associated with use of force. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, legal, and social characteristics of individuals subject to police response in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Data were also collected on characteristics of police response, including use of force, time of day, and disposition. Use of force, most commonly use of handcuffs, occurred in 78% of cases involving police. The study showed that Māori were overrepresented in police responses, but no more likely than Europeans to experience use of force. Almost half those subject to police response were not subsequently admitted to hospital, raising questions about the need for and nature of police response in these cases. Because mental health nurses are often part of police response, nurses need to take cognisance of their relationship with police and contribute to any initiatives that can reduce coercion in the pathway to care, and improve service users' experience in mental health crises.

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“…While members of various communities have publicly addressed their tenuous relationship with the police (e.g., homeless young people persons who use substances, the LGBTQIA2+ community, PMIs, etc. ; Baron, 2016 ; Israel et al, 2016 ; Krameddine and Silverstone, 2016 ), we focus here on interactions between the police and racialized communities given ongoing concerns about these relationships, which have been reignited since the death of George Floyd in May 2020 at the hands of a Minneapolis police officer ( Hill et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Officer Ksas Identified In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Managing Potentially Volatile Police–Public Interactions: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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We conducted a narrative review of existing literature to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) necessary for officers who police in democratic societies to successfully manage potentially volatile police–public interactions. This review revealed 10 such KSAs that are frequently discussed in the literature. These KSAs include: (1) knowledge of policies and laws; (2) an understanding of mental health-related issues; (3) an ability to interact effectively with, and show respect for, individuals from diverse community groups; (4) awareness and management of stress effects; (5) communication skills; (6) decision-making and problem-solving skills; (7) perceptual skills; (8) motor skills related to use-of-force; (9) emotion and behavior regulation; and (10) an ability to treat people in a procedurally just manner. Following our review, we conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 7) with researchers who specialize in police training and adult education, interactions with individuals in crisis, and racialized policing, as well as two police trainers with expertise in de-escalation and use-of-force training. These interviews confirmed the importance of the 10 KSAs and highlighted two additional KSAs that are likely to be critical: understanding the role of policing in a free and democratic society and tactical knowledge and skills. To ensure that police–public interactions are managed effectively, police trainers may want to focus on the development and evaluation of these KSAs—something that is not always done currently.

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Police use of handcuffs in the homeless population leads to long-term negative attitudes within this group

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

“Accidental Intimacies”: Reconsidering Bodily Encounters Between Police and Young People Who Use Drugs

“Accidental Intimacies”: Reconsidering Bodily Encounters Between Police and Young People Who Use Drugs

Police and mental health responses to mental health crisis in the Waikato region of New Zealand

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Managing Potentially Volatile Police–Public Interactions: A Narrative Review

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