Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Abstract I investigate empirically the role of religion and political institutions in policies against human trafficking, using the new 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index. The dataset contains 175 countries. The results show that governments in countries with Christian majorities implement stricter anti-trafficking policies than countries with Muslim majorities. The differences between countries with Christian and Muslim majorities is pronounced in dictatorships but less so in democracies. The influence of religion on the overall 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index is driven by protection and prevention policies. As compared to prosecution policies that mainly target the perpetrators of human trafficking, protection and prevention policies mainly protect the victims of human trafficking, i.e. predominantly women. The conclusions are consistent with other empirical findings regarding the association between religion, political institutions, and human development. JEL-Code: F220, O150, O110, Z120, F590. Terms of use: Documents in

Modeling for Determinants of Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis

“…Human trafficking researchers discuss law enforcement and the level of corruption as important factors, both in origin and destination countries (Akee et al 2010(Akee et al , 2014Cho, Dreher, & Neumayer, 2013;Jakobsson & Kotsadam, 2013). Besides the general rule of law, specific antitrafficking measures are also crucial to addressing the problem (Cho et al 2014;Cho & Vadlamannati, 2012;Potrafke, 2013). The anti-trafficking measures include prosecution policy against traffickers, protection policy for victims, and prevention policy (UN, 2000).…”

Income Distribution and Human Trafficking Outflows

“…10, No. 2;2018 empirical results indicate that as the poorest become marginally better off there is an increase in human trafficking outflow. It is hypothesized that as the poor make some economic gains, these gains could be used to acquire technology and/or means of travel that can connect them to the world outside of their immediate, impoverished surroundings.…”

“…10, No. 2;2018 empirical evidence at both the survey, micro-level and at a macro-level in Nepal that greater relative deprivation significantly increases trafficking incidences. It is important to note that the sense that one"s wealth falls below a point of reference, or the perceived relative deprivation, is formed through comparisons of the lives of others.…”

Political determinants of efforts to protect victims of human trafficking

“…Different levels of compliance with the UN Anti-Trafficking Protocol have attracted scholars' attention [8,9,15,16,[26][27][28][29][30]. This research has identified a set of factors that drive states' efforts to prosecute and prevent human trafficking as well as to protect its victims.…”

“…Hence, understanding what drives the enforcement of victim protection policies warrants a closer examination of domestic legislators, which are responsible for policymaking. While studies have repeatedly established a positive link between anti-trafficking efforts and the representation of women in national parliaments as well as respect for the rights of women in society [8,9,12,14,16], there are currently no studies which have analysed characteristics of parliaments and governments beyond the representation of women in political institutions. Consequently we know little about how the ideological composition of governments and parliaments shape victim protection efforts of nation states and whether the positive association between the percentage of female parliamentarians and compliance with anti-trafficking treaties remains significant when other government characteristics are controlled for.…”