Policies for Reintegrating Crop and Livestock Systems: A Comparative Analysis

Garrett, Rachael; Niles, Meredith T.; Gil, Juliana; Dy, Philip A.; Reis, J. C. dos; Valentim, J. F.

doi:10.3390/su9030473

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Integrated systems can also increase profits for farmers through reduced costs (e.g. Bell & Moore 2012), labor (Neto et al 2014), or increased productivity compared with specialized systems (Oliveira et al 2013), but these outcomes are highly dependent on the region and systems implemented and the broader policy and market context (Garrett et al 2017a). Each type of integrated system confers different benefits depending on the types of crops and livestock being used and the level of integration (Moore et al 2016).…”

Section: Integrated Crop and Livestock Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While seasonal integration during the dormant season is common in New Zealand, this practice is less documented elsewhere, offering a unique opportunity to better understand the potential benefits and challenges associated with this practice for other regions. The choice of New Zealand is also a particularly useful place to examine farmer perceptions of ICLS since there are fewer policy barriers to their adoption, as compared to other regions (Garrett et al 2017a (Marlborough District Council 2008). This significant land use change has resulted in many potential impacts for the region including an increase in irrigation (Niles and Mueller 2016), and a significant increase in herbicide use in viticulture during the 1990s (Dastgheib and Frampton 2000), with estimates that 70% of Marlborough vineyards applied herbicides by 2007 (SHANZ 2011).…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological and economic benefits of integrating sheep into viticulture production

Niles

Garrett

Walsh

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The integration of crop and livestock systems has been recognized for its potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with agriculture and improve farmer livelihoods. However, to date, most research has focused on the integration of cattle into crop and pasture systems. Here we examine the integration of sheep into vineyards and assess farmers' perceived benefits and costs of the practice. Viticulture expansion has led to significant land use change in recent years and new environmental challenges, particularly with respect to herbicide use. Sheep integration into vineyards offers the potential to utilize the synergies of both systems to reduce external inputs, promote soil health, and increase farmer profit. Our study focuses in New Zealand, the world's 15 th largest wine producer, particularly in Marlborough, which produces 75% of the country's wine. As a result, the case study is an excellent representation of New Zealand viticulture, while also providing unique insights into a novel practice. Using a semi-structured interview and survey, we interviewed fifteen farmers representing five percent of 2 total New Zealand wine production to examine ecological and economic benefits of sheep integration in viticulture systems. We find that seasonal integration of sheep during vine dormancy is common, while integration during the growing season is rare. Overall, farmers perceive significantly more benefits than challenges with the integration of sheep into vineyards, particularly reduced mowing (100% of farmers) and herbicide use (66% of farmers). On average, farmers reported 1.3 fewer herbicide applications annually, saving US$ $56 per hectare. As well, farmers indicated they were doing 2.2 fewer mows annually saving US$ $64 per hectare. These results suggest that wide-scale adoption of seasonal integration of sheep and viticulture can provide large ecological benefits and higher profitability vis-à-vis conventional viticulture practices; however, further integration of the two systems may provide even greater benefits not currently realized.

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Section: Integrated Crop and Livestock Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and economic benefits of integrating sheep into viticulture production

Niles

Garrett

Walsh

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Previous work suggests that crop-pasture rotation systems may have higher profitability than continuous grain and cattle production by themselves as the improved pasture enables higher stocking rates [40]. Currently adoption rates remain low due to initial investment, knowledge, and cultural barriers; in 2011, integrated crop-livestock systems were only being used on 1% (1.5 Mha) of pastures in Brazil [42][43][44]. Still, if the documented obstacles to ICLS adoption can be bridged by government programs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, if the documented obstacles to ICLS adoption can be bridged by government programs (e.g. the ABC plan), research incentives, or the agricultural credit created by the National Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest Systems Policy (Law 12805, 29 April 2013), a diverse range of agricultural, environmental, and economic benefits could be leveraged [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for recent Cerrado soybean expansion: extending the soy moratorium and implementing integrated crop livestock systems with soybeans

Nepstad

Gerber

Hill

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The Brazilian Soy Moratorium has effectively reduced forest conversion for soybeans in Amazonia. This has come at the expense of the region's pasturelands, which have increasingly ceded space for compliant soy expansion. The question of extending the policy to the Cerrado, where recent soy expansion has come at the cost of ecologically valuable vegetation, plugs into a wider discussion on how to reconcile competing commodities on finite amounts of cleared area. Innovative management strategies that allow different land uses to coexist are urgently needed. Integrated crop-livestock systems with soybeans (

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“…Japan, Netherland) to support animal production at high livestock densities. However, the global trade of feed has contributed also to P surpluses in importing countries, and to soil P depletion and/or reliance on fertilizer P import in exporting countries (Schipanski and Bennett 2012;Garrett et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International trade of animal feed: its relationships with livestock density and N and P balances at country level

Wang

Liu

Hou

et al. 2017

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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International trade of food and feed has facilitated the specialization and agglomeration of agricultural production systems in many countries. Confined animals in specialized production systems are increasingly supplied with soybean and maize, imported from other countries. This has increased animal productivity but has also contributed to spatially decoupled crop and animal production systems. We analyzed the changes in the trade of soybean and maize at the global level in the period 1961-2011, and related these to the changes in livestock density and nutrient balances in the whole food system for 11 selected countries. Export of soybean and maize remained dominated by few countries (mainly USA, Argentina and Brazil) during the period 1961-2011, while the number of importing countries increased. Increases in the import of maize and soybean are positively related with changes in livestock density and N and P balances of national food systems. Imported soybean accounted for 12-36% of the calculated N balance at country level, and imported maize for 0-26%. There were large differences between importing countries; increases in the N surplus ranged from 75 to 306 kg N/ha and in the P surplus from 2 to 49 kg P/ha when the mean livestock density increased 1 LU/ha. This variation is related to differences in nutrient management regulations and to spatial variations in livestock density within countries. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complex relationships between the international trade of animal feed, livestock density and environmental impacts associated with N and P balances.

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Policies for Reintegrating Crop and Livestock Systems: A Comparative Analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 63 publications

Ecological and economic benefits of integrating sheep into viticulture production

Ecological and economic benefits of integrating sheep into viticulture production

Pathways for recent Cerrado soybean expansion: extending the soy moratorium and implementing integrated crop livestock systems with soybeans

International trade of animal feed: its relationships with livestock density and N and P balances at country level

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