Policies of Civil Service Leadership Reform in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates in Light of the United Kingdom's Experience

Abstract

Objective: This paper presented the developments in civil service in the United Kingdom from 1997 until now, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's period and her prominent role in reforming civil service in the United Kingdom. Theoretical Framework: This is based on the committees formed and the shift from non-competitive appointment to reliance on open competition to raise public service efficiency and effectiveness in the United Kingdom. Method: This paper relied mainly on a descriptive approach to examine the state of the civil service in the United Kingdom and the challenges it faces towards reform. This study also relied on the analytical approach to analyze the reports of the committees formed in the United Kingdom to carry out reform tasks in the British civil service. Results and Discussion: Artificial intelligence plays a significant role in all fields, including legal and judicial. However, we cannot rely on the AI systems 100% and replace human judges. Research Implications: This paper examines the reformo f human resources system in UK and how to use this experience in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by presenting the civile servant reform in UK.