Policies to promote household based plantation forestry and their impacts on livelihoods and the environment: cases from Ethiopia, China, Vietnam and Sweden

Sandewall, Mats; Kassa, Habtemariam; Wu, Sara; Khoa, Phung Van; He, Yaqin; Ohlsson, Bo

doi:10.1505/146554815814725059

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…According to Ndayambaje et al (2012), in Rural Rwanda out 480 of the total households, 350 of them were planting 1-4 trees species in their farm plots. Similar findings, Sandewall et al (2015), average planted tree area conserved and managed by households accounted by about 0.4 ha/hh in China, 0.3 ha/hh in Ethiopia and 0.4 ha/hh in Vietnam. Being, stipulated by market and government favorable policies for climate resilient green economy together with erratic rainfall, households was increasingly decided to tree planting operation in their homestead and around farm plots.…”

Section: Household Level Tree Plantation To the Livelihoods Strategiessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Through planting trees and earning cash income for their survival, simultaneously reduced dependence on crops. Similar finding by Sandewall et al (2015), planted trees and natural forest are the second income source as a percent of total households in Ethiopia after crop production and 6-25% for Vietnam. However, increase of tree and forest plantation at the expense of unsustainable farm rises incomes for some, it did not immediately bring household out of food insecurity and shortage.…”

Section: Household Level Tree Plantation To the Livelihoods Strategiessupporting

confidence: 73%

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Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia

2017

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Background: Elsewhere in other developing countries, and 85% of the Ethiopian population is living in rural part of the country and more than 90% of domestic energy source is dependent of traditional biofuel. Increase in population is causing more demand for human use and more pressure on natural resources. This adversely affect the increase of multi-purpose and indigenous tree plantation and ago-forestry practice and hence has a vicious circle with food security. However, following the start of community based watershed management practice, households are encouraged to plant trees on their private land, which contributed to the increase of forest coverage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess household level tree planting, domestic energy consumption, and explore implication for environmental conservation.Results: Fuelwood and dung was major source of domestic energy in the area, consumed on an average 2280 and 1533 kg/year respectively and the total biofuel consumption was 268.06 t/year. The decline in natural forest and increase in demand for wood motivated people to have privately planted trees. Though it was variable among various socio-economic characteristics of farmers, tree planting was encouraged, based on ground reality. Therefore, promoting private based tree plantation should be considered as economic relief and filling the demand gap of fuelwood. Likewise, the opportunity cost of dung available for soil conditioner. The use of fuel saving stove and other alternative source of energy should be encouraged. Conclusion:Local context policy option used for favoring for the allocation of bare land and mountainous topography for community and private tree planting for landless and small holder farmers has to be encouraged.

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Section: Household Level Tree Plantation To the Livelihoods Strategiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Household Level Tree Plantation To the Livelihoods Strategiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia

2017

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“…The approach has been applied within the frames of various research studies in Laos, Vietnam, China, and Ethiopia during 1997-2012 [7,12,33,36,37]. The objective of the first two studies (1997-99) was to identify and develop a feasible method for estimating the actual land use and its changes as a base for various types of strategic land use planning including scenario modelling.…”

Section: Studies Undertakenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China and Ethiopia (2011)(2012): This study analyzed trends in plantation forestry, its driving forces and impacts to environment, climate, economic growth, and livelihoods in China, Ethiopia, and Vietnam by combining regional, national, and local scale analyses (of which the pfps approach was applied in the local scale analyses). The purpose was linking the internationally and nationally reported trends with observed situations on the ground for identifying features, trends, and aspects that were not reflected by national data and/or required an integrated societal context [37].…”

Section: Precious Forests -Precious Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case studies the approach has covered small pilot areas, which have been chosen with the aim to address a certain issue. It cannot simply be extrapolated to represent, for example, provinces or the nation, for which purposive inventories, censuses, and other data sources are needed [37]. However, it enables study of the relation between various types of conditions and changes over time and it could be designed to address rather specific policy issues.…”

Section: Does the Approach Generate Policy Relevant Information?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approach for Assessing Changes of Forest Land Use, Their Drivers, and Their Impact to Society and Environment

Sandewall¹,

Gebrehiwot²

2015

Precious Forests - Precious Earth

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Globalization, urbanization, and new policies are changing land use, environment, and rural life. Policy makers need means to understand changes and their impacts for making wise decisions. This paper explores a methodological landscape-level approach for assessment and monitoring of changes in land use, forest cover and society, its drivers and impacts. It is based upon experience from case studies in "sia and "frica. The paper suggests that such approaches should address major issues of land use change including its drivers and impacts, generate policy relevant and accurate information, be cost-efficient and practical to implement, make appropriate use of modern knowledge, and engage stakeholders and decision makers. Technically, the approaches should cover all land types, objectively describe current land use and trends, enable verification, and be robust and flexible to address upcoming needs.The approach combines participatory field point sampling for estimating land use trends with remote sensing and GIS, household and key informant interviews for obtaining socio-economic and other information, and meetings with farmers and decision makers for feed-back and discussing policy issues. It illustrates that land use assessments for policy purposes can be developed to meet proposed requirements by combining different techniques and involving local stakeholders in inventory processes.

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Reforestation, livelihoods and income equality: Lessons learned from China's Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program

et al. 2023

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Despite global momentum in restoration activities, their socio‐economic implications are little studied. Thus far, the limited evidence available tends to overlook equity and equality outcomes. In this work, we aimed at investigating fairness within the Chinese Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), given the relevance of local people's support for the long‐term success of land restoration and for the inherent belief that equity should be pursued also by environmental policies. Additionally, we propose a methodology to investigate equity and equality, from a quantitative perspective. Our results suggested a shift in the overall households' economic structure, with the main changes being a decrease in farming activities (−44 pp) and a sharp increase in out‐migration (+44 pp), with the most significant variation within the lowest income groups (−57 pp and + 75 pp, respectively). We also observed that both equality (the Gini coefficient decreased by 23%) and equity (higher income increase for low‐income groups) improved, and the best enhancement happened in the regions where the CCFP has been implemented for a longer time. Moreover, data showed that the main driver of inequality was households' income deriving from remittances, both before and after the Program implementation (with concentration coefficient equal to 1.1 and 1.0, respectively) but its effect decreased over time suggesting an increase in out‐migration opportunities for lower‐income households. Finally, we found that the level of participation in the Program holds a quite strong explanatory power for both on‐farm and off‐farm income (explaining 19% and 18% of their respective variability).

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Policies to promote household based plantation forestry and their impacts on livelihoods and the environment: cases from Ethiopia, China, Vietnam and Sweden

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia

Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia

An Approach for Assessing Changes of Forest Land Use, Their Drivers, and Their Impact to Society and Environment

Reforestation, livelihoods and income equality: Lessons learned from China's Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program

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