Policing the war on drugs and the transformation of urban space in Manila

Warburg, Anna Bræmer; Jensen, Søren Højgaard

doi:10.1177/0263775818817299

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this manner, social cleansing allows elites to accommodate extrajudicial killing as an effective solution to crime (Oude Breuil & Rozema, 2009). Simultaneously, this kind of violence is directed against the urban poor, using pervasive fear, monitoring, and surveillance to control a section of society that is normally illegible to the state (Warburg & Jensen, 2018). Crucially, this type of violence avoids overt political repression.…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the pattern of “war on drugs” violence in the Philippines under Duterte

Iglesias

2023

Asian Politics and Policy

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A national “war on drugs” under former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte killed an estimated 12,000 to 30,000 victims. Duterte used state terror tactics, generating an unprecedented level of violence within a broader process of democratic backsliding. The violence peaked early, within the first few months of his term of office, then declined and remained low for years afterwards. How do campaigns of large‐scale state violence decline? This article explores the context‐specific drivers of the drug war's implementation in the Philippines. It presents findings from a model predicting violence escalation and de‐escalation using a Poisson regression to estimate the weekly number of killings from 2016 to 2021. The study's main finding is that the violence declined, and remained low throughout the rest of Duterte's term, due to the mobilization of accountability mechanisms—particularly over corruption controversies. This study offers insights into how resistance can impede autocratization, even in weak democracies.

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Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the pattern of “war on drugs” violence in the Philippines under Duterte

Iglesias

2023

Asian Politics and Policy

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“…The disciplinary quarantine measures implemented by the Duterte administration are consistent to an overarching war storyline enshrined in the current national government's drug war campaign. Even pre-pandemic, the drug war has tremendously shaped the nature of urban spaces in the country, with the large concentration of deaths reported in the NCR ( Atun et al, 2019 ; Warburg and Jensen, 2020a ). Urban poor communities, often tagged as drug ‘hotspots’, struggled the most, as deaths linked to police crackdowns generated an atmosphere of ambiguous fear and mistrust which fundamentally destabilized and reconfigured social relations between the state and members of the community ( Ofreneo et al, 2020 ; Warburg and Jensen, 2020b ).…”

Section: Case: Bodies-in-waiting As Infrastructure In the Context Of Disciplinary Quarantinementioning

confidence: 99%

Bodies-in-waiting as infrastructure: Assembling the Philippine Government's disciplinary quarantine response to COVID-19

Canoy

Robles

Roxas

2022

Social Science & Medicine

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The purpose of this article is to advance the concept of bodies-in-waiting as an everyday infrastructure to explain the shifting nature of ‘pandemic cities’ in response to the changing dynamics of infection control in urban spaces. While previous literatures have been ‘sanitized’ to emphasize the importance of managing optimal physiological health and safety, we would like to argue that keener attention is needed to rethink the constitutive role of bodies in co-producing a city's sociopolitical ecologies at this time of crisis. The main body is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the political dimensions of pandemic response by various governments with an emphasis to experiences of middle to low income countries. Our intention is to show how these studies bring into light the role of local politics of pandemic response within countries, and that actual governance mechanisms in cities are shaped and contested by shifting power blocs and emergent affinities. The second section forwards an embodied urban political approach that conceptualizes bodies-in-waiting as infrastructure. In this view, bodies-in-waiting is produced and reproduced by complex social-material flows and transformation rooted in variegated matrices of power through which urban spaces are (re)assembled. The last section demonstrates a sample case that shows how bodies-in-waiting as infrastructure are understood using Twitter-sourced data associated with the Philippine government's disciplinary quarantine measures which started March 12, 2020 in the NCR. At its core, bodies-in-waiting as infrastructures populate a politically affirmative urban imaginary of bodies living on despite the existence of an accelerated and mutating virus in slower moving cities.

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“…Such a stance acknowledges the police as at once upholding a notion of social, geopolitical, as well as "natural" law, which relies on an understanding of policing as tied to bodies, structures, as well as emotions. It has been recent work in a Global South context that the linkages between structural and emotional divisions within and as perpetuated by urban policing have been explored (Colona, 2020;Diphoorn, 2020;Kyed, 2019;Matallana-Villarreal, 2020;Vigneswaran, 2014;van Stapele, 2020;Warburg & Jensen, 2020).…”

Section: Policing Bordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police and policing in geography: From methods, to theory, to praxis

Bloch

2021

Geography Compass

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Despite the fact that any semblance of a "police studies" in geography is relatively recent, with calls for its development and expansion still being made in the literature today, geographers have nevertheless made important contributions to how scholars understand police and policing as a multifaceted manifestation of state power, coercion, and territoriality. Given the formative contributions that have already been made, and with promises of increased scholarly activity to come, there remains much opportunity for geography to become the go-to social scientific discipline for translating theory into action and advanced methods into practice. This is particularly so given heightened and widespread credence to the concept of defunding policing as we know it in the wake of continued and increasingly ruthless killings by police across the United States. In this article on police and policing in geography, I trace the brief history of a police studies, highlighting recent and contemporary contributions to its progress through critical examinations of community-, border-, affective-, and insidious-policing practices. Finally, I conclude with a brief discussion about how a police/policing studies can move forward as a durable geographical sub-field vis-à-vis greater inclusion of would-be scholars for whom being policed has been a lived experience that has resulted in personal encounters with hyper-criminalization, displacement, expulsion, un-homing, and incarceration.

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Policing the war on drugs and the transformation of urban space in Manila

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Explaining the pattern of “war on drugs” violence in the Philippines under Duterte

Explaining the pattern of “war on drugs” violence in the Philippines under Duterte

Bodies-in-waiting as infrastructure: Assembling the Philippine Government's disciplinary quarantine response to COVID-19

Police and policing in geography: From methods, to theory, to praxis

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