Policy‐Elite Perceptions and Social Movement Success: Understanding Variations in Group Inclusion in Affirmative Action

Skrentny, John D.

doi:10.1086/499910

Cited by 100 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Researchers have looked for success in relation to a movement's stated goals (Burstein, Einwohner, and Hollander 1995;Gamson 1990) or achievement of "collective goods [for the] intended beneficiary group" (Amenta and Young 1999:40). Studies show that advocacy organizations can move issues up the agenda (Burstein 1991;Cobb and Elder 1983;Johnson 2008;King, Bentele, and Soule 2007) and influence policy content and passage (Andrews 2001;Baumgartner and Leech 1998;Skrentny 2006). However, not all studies show political outcomes for movements, leading to some controversy over the extent to which movements influence policy (Amenta et al 2010;Andrews and Edwards 2004;Baumgartner and Leech 1998).…”

Section: Direct Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Politics and Medical Research Funding

Best

2012

Am Sociol Rev

129

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In the 1980s and 1990s, single-disease interest groups emerged as an influential force in U.S. politics. This article explores their effects on federal medical research priority-setting. Previous studies of advocacy organizations' political effects focused narrowly on direct benefits for constituents. Using data on 53 diseases over 19 years, I find that in addition to securing direct benefits, advocacy organizations have aggregate effects and can systemically change the culture of policy arenas. Disease advocacy reshaped funding distributions, changed the perceived beneficiaries of policies, promoted metrics for commensuration, and made cultural categories of worth increasingly relevant to policymaking.

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Section: Direct Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Politics and Medical Research Funding

Best

2012

Am Sociol Rev

129

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“…The school is home to over 3,000 students, 34% of whom are eligible for free student meals, although the actual percentage of families living in poverty was likely to be much higher. v Of the more than 700 students who entered the school in 2001, just 38% graduated four years later (New York State School Report Card 2005-2006) (see Table 1). I focused my research on grades 9-11, ages 14-17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because African Americans have the longest history in the US among racialized groups today, and until recently blacks were the largest minority group in the US, these dynamics have shaped US discourses around race and ethnicity overall, including with respect to immigrants and their children. Ethnic groups have benefited from the hard-earned victories of the Civil Rights Movement, such as affirmative action and anti-discrimination policies (Alba & Nee, 2003;Kasinitz, Mollenkopf, Waters, & Holdaway, 2008;Massey, Mooney, Charles, & Torres, 2007;Skrentny, 2006).…”

Section: Racial Segregation and Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic Boundaries and School Structure in New York and London Schools

Warikoo

2010

American Journal of Education

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This article shows that an ethnically diverse student population leads to blurred ethnic and racial boundaries. Still, students in New York distinguish themselves much more along ethnic and racial lines than do London students. The evidence presented suggests that in addition to national-level differences, traditional British school structure, which provides continuity of peers through the Form Class as well as time for socializing, leads to less emphasis on ethnic and racial boundaries than in the anomic structure of traditional urban American public high schools. It follows that in order to promote ethnic and racial integration among teens, schools should not only serve integrated student bodies but also should maintain structures that present opportunities for students to bridge racial and ethnic boundaries. The study employs ethnographic data from schools in New York and London and 120 in-depth interviews.

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“…In particular, there has been a new appreciation for the process through which policy legacies exert a cultural influence that shapes and constrains later actors attempting to make significant policy changes (Best 2012;Brown 2013;Pedriana and Stryker 1997;Schneider and Ingram 2005;Skrentny 2006;Steensland 2008). The dominant approach focuses on how particular target populations or cultural categories become institutionalized through policy and shape who policymakers and the public see as worthy of benefits.…”

Section: The Cultural Legacies Of Public Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Skrentny (2006Skrentny ( :1803 notes in his study of how various groups were included or excluded in affirmative action policy, "Worthy/unworthy are indeed important basic categories in all social policy making, but by themselves they do not explain which policies go to which groups. Elites may perceive two groups as both worthy of policy but not.…”

Section: The Cultural Legacies Of Public Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

McCabe¹,

Berman²

2016

SocScience

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Abstract:In the 1990s, several liberal welfare regimes (LWRs) introduced child tax credits (CTCs) aimed at reducing child poverty. While in other countries these tax credits were refundable, the United States alone introduced a nonrefundable CTC. As a result, the United States was the only country in which poor and working-class families were paradoxically excluded from these new benefits. A comparative analysis of Canada and the United States shows that American exceptionalism resulted from the cultural legacy of distinct public policies. We argue that policy changes in the 1940s institutionalized different "logics of appropriateness" that later constrained policymakers in the 1990s. Specifically, the introduction of family allowances in Canada and other LWR countries naturalized a logic of income supplementation in which families could legitimately receive cash benefits without the stigma of "welfare. " Lacking this policy legacy, American attempts to introduce a refundable CTC were quickly derailed by policymakers who saw it as equivalent to welfare. Instead, they introduced a narrow, nonrefundable CTC under the alternative logic of "tax relief, " even though this meant excluding the lowest-income families. The cultural legacy of past policies can explain American exceptionalism not only with regard to CTCs but to other social policies as well.

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Policy‐Elite Perceptions and Social Movement Success: Understanding Variations in Group Inclusion in Affirmative Action

Cited by 100 publications

References 45 publications

Disease Politics and Medical Research Funding

Disease Politics and Medical Research Funding

Symbolic Boundaries and School Structure in New York and London Schools

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

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