Achieving the goals of decarbonisation of the world economy is impossible without improving energy efficiency, not only in industry but also in the residential sector. According to the International Energy Agency, today the residential sector is responsible for more than 25 per cent of the world's total electricity consumption and almost 30 per cent of the world's total natural gas consumption. Moreover, as world practice shows, economic growth in developing countries is accompanied by a further increase in energy consumption in the residential sector due to improved quality of life. Therefore, the problem of implementing energy-efficient patterns of consumer behavior in countries with growing economies is becoming increasingly important.
In this study the problem of introducing energy saving practices in the residential sector is investigated from the point of view of the theory of planned behavior on the example of two countries - Russia and the Republic of Armenia. Based on the data of a sociological survey conducted according to a specially developed methodology, it is studied how the environmental self-consciousness of the population is translated into energy-saving behavior and what factors may hinder this process. The study reveals that the level of environmental self-consciousness of the population in the Republic of Armenia is lower than in Russia, but, nevertheless, correlates with the level of energy-efficient behavior. However, as Russia's experience shows, this correlation may break down with further growth in the living standards of the population. A number of measures have been proposed to increase the level of environmental awareness and energy efficient behavior for the population of both countries.