Policy Implementation of Hypertension Prevention and Control Program in Banjarmasin

Abstract

The advancement of times and cultural transitions, such as instant/practical lives, have an impact on people's welfare and health concerns, particularly in Indonesia. 1,2 This practical lifestyle comprises bad behavior and nutrition, which raises the risk of noncommunicable diseases. 3,4 Noncommunicable illnesses are the leading cause of death worldwide. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report from 2017, noncommunicable diseases kill 40 million people, accounting for roughly 70% of the world's 56 million deaths. This is also supported by the RI Strategic Plan for 2015-2019, which lists hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as major causes of death. As a result, the global health community's focus on noncommunicable illnesses is critical. 5,6 According to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), the incidence of noncommunicable diseases had increased in 2017, accounting for 33.1% of the 53.3 million deaths worldwide caused by cardiovascular disease. In the same year, hypertension killed around 7.5 million people, which amounts to 12.8% of all fatalities globally. Hypertension was projected to affect approximately 22% of the world's adult population, or approximately 1.28 billion people. However, only 42% of adults were diagnosed and treated for hypertension, 46% were ignorant that they had it, and only 21% were able to control it. As much as twothirds of people with hypertension lived in middleto-low-income nations. 6,7 Because most hypertension patients are unaware that they have the disease, it is sometimes referred to as a "silent killer" because it does not display symptoms in most cases and is only discovered when complications emerge, which can lead to death. 8 According to the World Health Organization, the African area has the highest incidence of hypertension at 27%, followed by Southeast Asia in third place with a prevalence of 25% of the total population in the world. The number of people with hypertension continues to rise year after year, and it is anticipated that by 2025, there will be around 1.56 billion adults with hypertension, with an estimated 10.44 million people dying each year from hypertension and its sequelae. 9In Indonesia at present, non-communicable disease, especially cases of hypertension, are increasing every year. This is supported by the 2018 Riskesdas data showing the prevalence of non-communicable disease has increased when compared to the 2013 Riskesdas. The prevalence of blood pressure measurement results, cases of hypertension increased from 25.8% to 34.1%. 11 In 2016, it was noted that hypertension was the cause of death in Indonesia, amounting to 23.7% of 1.7 million deaths.