Policy Implications of New Scientific Knowledge

Jl, Brown; Lp, Sherman

doi:10.1093/jn/125.suppl_8.2281s

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A study of a 1958 British birth cohort, which defined undernutrition in terms of low weight-forage and sex (the 5th percentile of relative median weight was used as the cutoff point), found that 30% of the children who were underweight at 7 y of age were still underweight at 23 y of age (35), but to our knowledge, no reported studies have examined tracking of underweight in lower-income countries, although there is abundant literature on studies of stunting. Given the high prevalence of undernutrition among children in most developing countries (eg, 17% of our subjects were underweight at baseline) and its serious adverse consequences (35)(36)(37)(38), our findings suggest that, even in a country experiencing remarkable reductions in poverty and improvements in nutrition, it is crucial to prevent early childhood undernutrition or the effects will persist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: a 6-y follow-up study in China

Wang

Popkin

2000

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

147

105

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Background: Although extensive descriptive research shows that childhood obesity predisposes a person to adult obesity, little is understood about the dynamics of weight during childhood and the predictors of weight tracking. Objective: Our objective was to examine tracking patterns of body mass index (BMI) as well as their predictors between childhood and adolescence. Design: A cohort of 975 Chinese children aged 6-13 y was followed for 6 y (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997). Tracking of BMI was defined as an individual maintaining a certain status (overweight or underweight) or relative position (relative BMI quartile) over time. Relative BMI related BMI to age-and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. Results: After 6 y, Ϸ40% of the subjects had maintained their relative positions, but 30% had moved into a lower or higher quartile. The BMIs of thin and fat children were more likely to track: 51% and 46% remained in the bottom and upper quartiles, respectively. Nearly one-third of the underweight children remained underweight in 1997. Overweight children were 2.8 times as likely as all other children to become overweight adolescents; underweight children were 3.6 times as likely to remain underweight as adolescents. Parental obesity and underweight, individuals' initial BMIs, dietary fat intake, and family income helped predict tracking and changes in BMI. Conclusion: In a society undergoing enormous changes in diet and activity, BMI tracking is still very important between childhood and adolescence in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: a 6-y follow-up study in China

Wang

Popkin

2000

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

147

105

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“…Undernutrition, even moderate and mild forms, has many signi®cant adverse effects. Under-nutrition affects not only children's and adolescents' physical and mental development, but also their emotional stability and behavioral development (Pollitt, 1994;Agarwal et al, 1995;Brown & Sherman, 1995;Gorman, 1995;Grantham-McGregor, 1995;Wachs, 1995). However, there is minimal published research on adolescents' nutritional status in developing countries.…”

Section: Nutrition and Diet Of Chinese Adolescents Y Wang Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993

Wang

Popkin

Zhai³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To increase understanding about current dietary patterns and short-term relationships between economic change and adolescent nutrition in a lower-income country, using the 1991 and 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight provinces in China that vary substantially in geography, economic development, public resources, and health indicators. Subjects: 2236 and 2018 adolescents aged 10 ± 18 years who completed three 24-hour recalls in the 1991 and 1993 survey, respectively. Results: Chinese adolescents experienced an improvement of diet and nutritional status. The prevalence of stunting declined from 23% in 1991 to 19% in 1993. Under-nutrition was a problem of concern although the prevalence (12 ± 13%) was relatively low. Overweight was emerging as a problem associated with young, highincome and urban adolescents, but the prevalence (4%) was quite low compared with developed countries. Chinese adolescents' energy and protein intakes were adequate compared with the American RDA. About 27% of the participants derived more than 30% of their dietary energy from fat and 16% of them derived over 10% of energy from saturated fat by 1993. Conclusion: Chinese adolescents have experienced an improvement in diet and nutritional status, but undernutrition is still an important nutrition problem, especially among young and poor groups. More attention should focus on the increase of dietary fat intake and obesity.

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“…Nutritional insults early in life have a profound and often permanent effect on the subsequent development of the central nervous system. Clinical studies indicate that malnourished children have more learning and behavioral problems than well-nourished children (1)(2)(3). In a cross-sectional study from a pediatric population residing in a governmental institution, there was a trend toward a greater number of epilepsy cases among malnourished children compared with controls (4 ( 5 ) reported a substantial neuronal loss in deeper cortical layers and in the cerebellum and a uniform glial cell loss throughout the cortex of mildly malnourished rats.…”

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confidence: 96%

Malnutrition Increases Dentate Granule Cell Proliferation in Immature Rats After Status Epilepticus

et al. 2000

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Summary:Purpose: Nutritional insults early in life have a profound and often permanent effect on the development of the central nervous system. A direct relationship between malnutrition and epilepsy has not been established; however, it is believed that inadequate nutrition may predispose the brain to seizures. This study was designed to determine whether neonatally malnourished rats are different from nourished rats in terms of flurothyl seizure susceptibility at postnatal day (P)15, in the behavioral manifestations of seizures, and in status epilepticus-induced hippocampal injury.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rat pups were maintained on a starvation regimen from P2 until P17. Age-matched control rats were not exposed to starvation. At P15, all animals were exposed to flurothyl-induced status epilepticus. At P17, the rats received a single injection of bromodeoxyuridine (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal) to determine the extent of genesis of new cells in the dentate gyrus. At P18, the rats were killed, and the brains were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry.Results: Preliminary analysis indicates that early malnutrition did not modify flurothyl seizure susceptibility or the behavioral manifestations of seizures at P15. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after status epilepticus in either group. Malnutrition per se induced an increase in the genesis of new cells in the anterior dentate granule cell layer. Although exposure to status epilepticus augmented the expression of new cells in the dentate gyrus in both groups, this expression was more pronounced in the malnourished group.Conclusions: The findings suggest that malnutrition early in life alters dentate plasticity but not the susceptibility to flurothy1 seizures. Although status epilepticus can increase the expression of new cells in the dentate gyrus in immature rats, malnutrition followed by status epilepticus further increases dentate granule cell proliferation. Key Words: EpilepsyMalnutrition-Plasticity-CNS development-Hippocampus-Dentate gyrus.Malnutrition is one of the most important health problems in developing and underdeveloped countries. Nutritional insults early in life have a profound and often permanent effect on the subsequent development of the central nervous system. Clinical studies indicate that malnourished children have more learning and behavioral problems than well-nourished children (1-3). In a cross-sectional study from a pediatric population residing in a governmental institution, there was a trend toward a greater number of epilepsy cases among malnourished children compared with controls (4). However, a direct relationship between malnutrition and epilepsy has not been established in clinical studies.Many animal studies suggest that malnutrition may have detrimental effects on the brain and predispose the A decrease in the number of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of lamina I11 or V of the anterior cingulate cortex and in the CA3 hippocampal region was also described (6,7). Furtherm...

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Policy Implications of New Scientific Knowledge

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: a 6-y follow-up study in China

Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: a 6-y follow-up study in China

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993

Malnutrition Increases Dentate Granule Cell Proliferation in Immature Rats After Status Epilepticus

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