Policy Perspective

Abstract

This chapter explores the role of education in the economic development of China and India, focusing on how their policies have shaped economic growth. Recognizing human capital as a key driver, it traces the evolution of education policies since the mid-20th century. China's post-1978 reforms prioritized universal primary education and vocational training, achieving near-total literacy and high enrolment rates. In contrast, India's focus on primary education gained momentum later. Using qualitative research, the study analyzes data from government reports and employs the World Bank's Access-Quality-Delivery model. Key metrics include literacy rates, enrolment ratios, schooling years, and public education expenditure. China's consistent investment has led to near-universal primary enrolment, higher schooling years, and low repetition rates, fostering a skilled workforce and strong economic growth. Meanwhile, India faces challenges in access, quality, and resource allocation, with persistent illiteracy, fluctuating enrolment, and inadequate spending limiting its progress.