Policy‐relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status: Analysis from the International Alcohol Control Study

Casswell, Sally; Huckle, Taisia; Wall, Martin; Parker, Karl; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Parry, Charles D. H.; Cường, Phạm Việt; Gray‐Phillip, Gaile; Piazza, Marina

doi:10.1111/dar.12669

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Alcohol Environment Protocol (AEP) is one of the two tools used in the International Alcohol Control (IAC) study [1][2][3]. The AEP has been developed to allow countries to document and assess (in a comparable way) the environment, in which alcohol is sold and consumed, existing alcohol policies, levels of enforcement and document changes over time.…”

Section: Alcohol Environment Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

Casswell

Morojele

Williams

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and AimTo report data on the implementation of alcohol policies regarding availability and marketing, and drink driving, along with ratings of enforcement from two small high‐income to three high‐middle income countries, and one low‐middle income country.MethodThis study uses the Alcohol Environment Protocol, an International Alcohol Control study research tool, which documents the alcohol policy environment by standardised collection of data from administrative sources, observational studies and interviews with key informants to allow for cross‐country comparison and change over time.ResultsAll countries showed adoption to varying extents of key effective policy approaches outlined in the World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (2010). High‐income countries were more likely to allocate resources to enforcement. However, where enforcement and implementation were high, policy on availability was fairly liberal. Key Informants judged alcohol to be very available in both high‐ and middle‐income countries, reflecting liberal policy in the former and less implementation and enforcement and informal (unlicensed) sale of alcohol in the latter. Marketing was largely unrestricted in all countries and while drink‐driving legislation was in place, it was less well enforced in middle‐income countries.ConclusionIn countries with fewer resources, alcohol policies are less effective because of lack of implementation and enforcement and, in the case of marketing, lack of regulation. This has implications for the increase in consumption taking place as a result of the expanding distribution and marketing of commercial alcohol and consequent increases in alcohol‐related harm.

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Section: Alcohol Environment Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

Casswell

Morojele

Williams

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…A meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies showed that about 50% of AUDs are heritable (11). The prevalence tends to be higher if alcohol is readily available, and people adopt a more permissive attitude toward heavy drinking (12,13). Individuals with low socioeconomic status are at least twice as likely to die from their disorders and prolonged heavy alcohol use than their counterparts with high socioeconomic status (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Consumption in China Before and During COVID-19: Preliminary Results From an Online Retrospective Survey

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Alcohol is an important aspect of Chinese culture, and alcohol use has been traditionally accepted in China. People with stress, anxiety, and depression may use more alcohol. More people reported symptoms of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Thus, people may drink more alcohol during the outbreak of COVID-19 than before COVID-19.Methods: An online retrospective survey was conducted on a total sample of 2,229 participants. Drinking behaviors before and during COVID-19, current risky drinking and hazardous drinking, and the association between high-risk drinking and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed via self-reported measures on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS−21).Results: This study found that, compared with before COVID-19, alcohol consumption was slightly decreased during COVID-19 (from 3.5 drinks to 3.4 drinks, p = 0.035) in the overall sample. Most (78.7%) alcohol drinkers were males. Before and during COVID-19, males consumed more drinks per week (4.2 and 4.0 vs. 1.3 and 1.2 drinks), had a higher percentage of heavy drinking (8.1 and 7.7% vs. 4.4 and 2.7%), and more drinking days per week (2.1 and 2.1 vs. 1.0 and 0.9 days). Males also had more risky drinking (43.2 vs. 9.3%) and hazardous drinking (70.2 vs. 46.6%) than female counterparts. This study also found that high-risk drinking predicted anxiety in females.Conclusions: This study suggests a slight reduction in alcohol consumption during COVID-19. However, hazardous drinking is common, especially among male alcohol drinkers. Males consumed more alcohol, had more risky and hazardous drinking than female counterparts both before and during COVID-19. Public health policy makers should pay more attention to developing effective, population-based strategies to prevent harmful alcohol consumption.

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“…emphasized the affordability of alcohol as one of the sources of inequality in consumption‐pattern between high and low SES groups . In Vietnam, the availability of cheap homemade alcohol produced in rural settings and a very high proportion of unrecorded alcohol consumed, especially homemade spirit may facilitate the affordability of this cheap and strong alcohol for (heavy) drinkers from poorer families, especially those in the rural areas. In addition, the low price of beer , the most consumed recorded alcohol, may impose less financial barrier for the poorer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and some related consequences from a household perspective in Vietnam

Hạnh

Assanangkornchai

Geater

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims Alcohol‐related harm reduction may target individuals, their households or communities. This study investigates the prevalence of and socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences (injury, accident, property loss and interpersonal violence) at the family‐level. Designs and Methods A cross‐sectional survey of 2394 households was conducted in eight provinces from six socioeconomic regions and two metropolitan cities in Vietnam. Family‐level alcohol use and injury were computed from individual data, while other measures were on a household basis. Unstandardised and indirectly standardised concentration index was used to measure degree of expenditure‐based inequality in alcohol use and its consequences. Results Over the previous 12 months, 88.5% and 46.2% of households had at least one current‐drinker and one heavy episodic drinking person, and in 41.7% the heavy episodic drinking person was the breadwinner. About 5.3% of households suffered alcohol‐related injury, accident or property loss; 11.4% reported alcohol‐related interpersonal violence. Poor and near‐poor households suffered the double‐burdens of both having heavy episodic drinking person and alcohol‐related harm. A modest socioeconomic gradient was observed with all types of drinker, more concentrated among higher living‐standard households, especially in urban areas. However, there was a persistent high‐level inequality disadvantaging lower living‐standard families, especially in rural areas, in suffering all measured alcohol‐related harms. Discussion and Conclusions Alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences are highly prevalent in Vietnam. Lower socioeconomic households, especially in rural areas, are important target groups for alcohol‐related harm prevention and reduction interventions. The concentration index appeared to be a useful measure of inequalities in alcohol‐related harms.

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Policy‐relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status: Analysis from the International Alcohol Control Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

Alcohol Consumption in China Before and During COVID-19: Preliminary Results From an Online Retrospective Survey

Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and some related consequences from a household perspective in Vietnam

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