Policy-relevant differences between secondhand and thirdhand smoke: strengthening protections from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants

Abstract

Starting in the 1970s, individuals, businesses and the public have increasingly benefited from policies prohibiting smoking indoors, saving thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare expenditures. Smokefree policies to protect against secondhand smoke exposure, however, do not fully protect the public from the persistent and toxic chemical residues from tobacco smoke (also known as thirdhand smoke) that linger in indoor environments for years after smoking stops. Nor do these policies address the economic costs that individuals, businesses and the public bear in their attempts to remediate this toxic residue. We discuss policy-relevant differences between secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke exposure: persistent pollutant reservoirs, pollutant transport, routes of exposure, the time gap between initial cause and effect, and remediation and disposal. We examine four policy considerations to better protect the public from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants from all sources. We call for (a) redefining smokefree as free of tobacco smoke pollutants from secondhandandthirdhand smoke; (b) eliminating exemptions to comprehensive smoking bans; (c) identifying indoor environments with significant thirdhand smoke reservoirs; and (d) remediating thirdhand smoke. We use the case of California as an example of how secondhand smoke-protective laws may be strengthened to encompass thirdhand smoke protections. The health risks and economic costs of thirdhand smoke require that smokefree policies, environmental protections, real estate and rental disclosure policies, tenant protections, and consumer protection laws be strengthened to ensure that the public is fully protected from and informed about the risks of thirdhand smoke exposure.

Efeito da suplementação de alimentos funcionais no músculo esquelético de ratos expostos cronicamente ao tabagismo

“…A média dos resultados dos grupos suplementados com alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico e expostos a fumaça de cigarro por 180 dias não diferiram do grupo C (p>0,05) (Tabela 1). 2023;PRZEWŁÓCKA et al, 2020;YIN et al, 2022). A microbiota intestinal, no intestino, controla e modula o metabolismo dos ácidos biliares primários e a comunidade microbiana desempenha um papel essencial na modulação do metabolismo sistêmico do hospedeiro (WAHLSTRÖM et al, 2016) e a circulação sistêmica permite que o ácido biliar metabolizado microbianamente atue como moléculas endócrinas, ativando vias mediadas por ácidos biliares e, assim, regulando os processos metabólicos do hospedeiro, incluindo metabolismo de lipídios e glicose, gasto de energia e inflamação sistêmica (SWANN et al, 2011;WATANABE et al, 2006).…”

“…Além disso, efeitos colaterais, como a disfunção muscular esquelética, redução da força ou resistência dos músculos esqueléticos periféricos e atrofia muscular, limitam a atividade física dos pacientes e qualidade de vida (HASHEMI-AGHDAM et al, 2022;MORAES et al, 2021;RAMOS;VIEIRA;MARTINS, 2022;SU et al, 2020). As toxinas e resíduos (THS) produzidos pela SHS ou pela fumaça ambiental do tabaco (ETS) se acumulam na poeira e nas superfícies das casas e são reemitidos ao ar e o THS torna-se cada vez mais tóxico com o tempo, o que é um problema para humanos e meio ambiente (MATT et al, 2023).…”

Understanding the links between airborne hazards and headache disorders

“…Or in the context of secondhand smoke, if I work at a restaurant with frequent environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and I develop migraine, should I find a new job to improve my migraine symptoms? Longitudinal designs and clinical trials are needed to understand the clinical implications of the relationship between cigarette smoke—firsthand, secondhand, and even thirdhand smoke (i.e., chemical residue from tobacco smoke that remains in indoor environments and on objects such as clothing and furniture) 9,10 —and severe headache and migraine.…”