Policy responses to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in the Caribbean

Clayton, C. Andrea; Walker, Tony R.; Bezerra, Joana; Adam, Issahaku

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111833

Cited by 83 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Throughout the Caribbean, marine litter and plastic pollution have increasingly become the focus of research, policy, and conservation efforts. It is clear that there are strategies in place to take action on this issue in the Caribbean, but also that the Caribbean is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of plastic pollution due to its high percentage of landfilling and open dumping, low percentage of recycling, finite and in some cases shrinking land area, physical location for oceanic transport of litter, its import of consumer goods and economic reliance on ocean-related activities such as fishing and tourism (Clayton et al, 2020;Diez et al, 2019;IDB, 2020). While nearly all Caribbean nations have taken steps towards implementing plastic policies, few have implemented comprehensive solid waste management plans, which would also serve a critical role to capture and contain waste and prevent it from entering the environment (Riquelme et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source, sea and sink—A holistic approach to understanding plastic pollution in the Southern Caribbean

Courtene‐Jones

Maddalene

James

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Marine plastics are considered to be a major threat to the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources of the Caribbean, on which the region relies heavily for tourism and fishing. To date, little work has quantified plastics within the Caribbean marine environment or examined their potential sources. This study aimed to address this by holistically integrating marine (surface water, subsurface water and sediment) and terrestrial sampling and Lagrangian particle tracking to examine the potential origins, flows and quantities of plastics within the Southern Caribbean. Terrestrial litter and the microplastics identified in marine samples may arise from the maritime and tourism industries, both of which are major contributors to the economies of the Caribbean region. The San Blas islands, Panama had the highest abundance of microplastics at a depth of 25 m, and significantly greater quantities in surface water than recorded in the other countries. Modelling indicated the microplastics likely arose from mainland Panama, which has some of the highest levels of mismanaged waste. Antigua had among the lowest quantities of terrestrial and marine plastics, yet the greatest diversity of polymers. Modelling indicated the majority of the microplastics in Antiguan coastal surface were likely to have originated from the wider North Atlantic Ocean. Ocean currents influence the movements of plastics and thus the relative contributions arising from local and distant sources which become distributed within a country's territorial water. These transboundary movements can undermine local or national legislation aimed at reducing plastic pollution. While this study presents

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source, sea and sink—A holistic approach to understanding plastic pollution in the Southern Caribbean

Courtene‐Jones

Maddalene

James

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The plastic carrier bag tax in Portugal reduced plastic bag consumption by 74% and increased reusable plastic bag consumption by 61% [ 283 ]. Several countries, such as the USA [ 284 ] and Caribbean countries [ 285 ], have adopted several methods for reducing single-use plastic bags.…”

Section: Solutions For Ms- and Ns-caused Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and Nanosized Substances Cause Different Autophagy-Related Responses

Wang

Zheng

Lee

et al. 2021

IJMS

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With rapid industrialization, humans produce an increasing number of products. The composition of these products is usually decomposed. However, some substances are not easily broken down and gradually become environmental pollutants. In addition, these substances may cause bioaccumulation, since the substances can be fragmented into micro- and nanoparticles. These particles or their interactions with other toxic matter circulate in humans via the food chain or air. Whether these micro- and nanoparticles interfere with extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their similar sizes is unclear. Micro- and nanoparticles (MSs and NSs) induce several cell responses and are engulfed by cells depending on their size, for example, particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). Autophagy is a mechanism by which pathogens are destroyed in cells. Some artificial materials are not easily decomposed in organisms. How do these cells or tissues respond? In addition, autophagy operates through two pathways (increasing cell death or cell survival) in tumorigenesis. Many MSs and NSs have been found that induce autophagy in various cells and tissues. As a result, this review focuses on how these particles interfere with cells and tissues. Here, we review MSs, NSs, and PM2.5, which result in different autophagy-related responses in various tissues or cells.

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“…The process for implementation of the ban included consultation between the primary private sector stakeholder groups and the government. Other key stakeholders, such as the education system was not included in the discussions, which also failed to address the provision of suitable alternatives for the items which were affected by the ban (Clayton et al 2021).…”

Section: Sups Policy Response In Jamaicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, APAs are all impacted by SUPs and their views on and treatment of SUPs are as distinct as they are. Current policies and interventions aimed at addressing the problem of SUP waste have primarily applied a one-size-fit-all approach with varying degrees of results (Adam et al 2021;Clayton et al 2021). This study highlights the need for targeted attitudinal and behavioural change interventions that are aimed at reducing the use of SUPs and, subsequently, the waste that is generated in an attempt to build collective ownership of the problem of SUP pollution.…”

Section: Profile Of Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, thirteen of the fifteen English speaking members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) have enforced policies and legislation on plastic use and waste (Clayton et al 2021); these typically involve a top-down approach, issuing fiats without attempting to understand the local context, to take account of attitudes and behaviour or to see stakeholder groups as potentially part of the solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study

Clayton

2021

Social Sciences

Self Cite

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Plastic pollution is a global environmental challenge with serious implications for human health. Most of the work on plastic waste to date has focused on assessing and mapping impacts and remedial activities, which are important but do not attempt to understand the attitude and behaviour of the consumer. The problem will only be resolved by changing behaviour to eliminate non-essential use of plastics and switch to less harmful alternatives, especially for Single-Use Plastic (SUP), which makes a disproportionate contribution to plastic waste. This study examines the attitudes and behaviour of teachers and parents/guardians in school communities as a step towards building collective ownership of SUP towards reducing the use of SUP. It establishes baseline data about attitudes and behaviour in four Jamaican primary schools. It examines the attitude of teachers and parents/guardians towards SUPs and uses cluster analysis to segment them based on attitude. The results identify the heterogeneous nature of groups within the same population and highlights the need for targeted interventions. This research can contribute towards the design of strategic interventions that will build a sense of collective ownership of the SUP problem and motivate effective changes in behaviour to minimise the use of SUPs in Jamaica.

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Policy responses to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in the Caribbean

Cited by 83 publications

References 17 publications

Source, sea and sink—A holistic approach to understanding plastic pollution in the Southern Caribbean

Source, sea and sink—A holistic approach to understanding plastic pollution in the Southern Caribbean

Micro- and Nanosized Substances Cause Different Autophagy-Related Responses

Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study

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