Poling of a channel waveguide

Garcia, F. C.; Vogelaar, L.; Kashyap, Raman

doi:10.1364/oe.11.003041

Cited by 17 publications

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“…3. A change in χ (3) by a factor 2-4 has been reported by several groups [8,9], but in our measurements the coefficient 3πLχ (3) / λn 0 increased only marginally (~20%). After poling the parabola is translated by the recorded field E rec .…”

Section: Characterization Through the Measured Phase Shiftsupporting

confidence: 50%

Electrooptical fibers

Margulis¹,

Tarasenko²,

Myrén³

2006

Photonics North 2006

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Section: Characterization Through the Measured Phase Shiftsupporting

confidence: 50%

Electrooptical fibers

Margulis¹,

Tarasenko²,

Myrén³

2006

Photonics North 2006

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“…This is because the optical nonlinearity in glasses, which may be smaller than that in crystals, appears in substantial magnitudes in fibers, 1,2 waveguides, [3][4][5] and microspheres 6 due to long propagation distances. In addition, the nonlinearity can be continuously changed by varying glass composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…waveguides, [3][4][5] and microspheres 6 due to long propagation distances. In addition, the nonlinearity can be continuously changed by varying glass composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical nonlinearity in PbO–SiO2 glass: Kramers–Kronig analyses

Tanaka¹,

Minamikawa²

2005

Applied Physics Letters

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Relationship between nonlinear refractivity and two-photon absorption has been studied for PbO -SiO 2 glasses using a nonlinear Kramers-Kronig relation. Nonlinear refractive indices, which are determined with z-scan measurements, are consistent with those which are calculated using the relation from two-photon absorption spectra. This consistency suggests that large intensity-dependent refractivity in this glass system arises from resonant two-photon electronic transitions from oxygen 2p to lead 6p states. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1891269͔With developments of optical fibers and devices, nonlinear properties in photonic glasses have attracted growing interests. This is because the optical nonlinearity in glasses, which may be smaller than that in crystals, appears in substantial magnitudes in fibers, 1,2 waveguides, [3][4][5] and microspheres 6 due to long propagation distances. In addition, the nonlinearity can be continuously changed by varying glass composition. [7][8][9] The nonlinearity can be induced at selected positions. 5 In some cases, the nonlinearity is responsible for photoinduced phenomena.10 Because of these features, several applications such as all-optical switches, optical limiters, and waveguide formation have been extensively explored. 4,11 However, the optical nonlinearity in glasses remains to be studied. Specifically, fundamental mechanisms of the intensity-dependent refractivity n 2 ͑n = n 0 + n 2 I + ...͒ in glasses have been less-well understood than those in simple systems such as two-level atoms 12 and crystalline semiconductors. 13 For glasses, only empirical or semiempirical relationships have been proposed, 14 most of which cannot provide spectral dependence. It seems to be very difficult to predict the magnitude of n 2 in glasses from an expectation value of polarization which is formulated quantum mechanically. 12 Here, another way to grasp the intensity-dependent refractivity is to relate it with nonlinear absorption. That is, we start with the absorption, which can be connected with photoelectronic transitions between some electronic energy levels. Then, using a nonlinear Kramers-Kronig relation, 15 we can derive the nonlinear refractivity explicitly. Such a procedure has provided satisfactory understanding for crystalline materials.13 It should also be noted that this procedure has an experimental advantage, since absorption spectra can be obtained more easily through transmittance measurements than refractivity spectra. To the authors' knowledge, however, such a procedure has not been applied to glasses.To obtain a unified insight into the optical nonlinearity in glasses, we explore the above method in the present work. As an example, a PbO system is taken, which is known to be a kind of heavy-metal oxide glasses. We measure the nonlinear refractivity n 2 using z-scan measurements, and compare the results with those derived by applying a nonlinear Kramers-Kronig relation to nonlinear absorption spectra. Since the absorption spectra can be directly ...

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“…However, there are reports of third-order nonlinear susceptibility modification after poling inside the nonlinear region. [2][3][4] To our best knowledge, this phenomenon has only been observed in planar waveguides and optical fibers, due to the measurement techniques employed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Recently, Kashyap has reported that the ͑3͒ susceptibility can be modified by a factor of 2 due to a modification of electronic clouds of bonds under the local electric field. 3 The modification of the ͑3͒ susceptibility after thermal poling is still under discussion since the results which are published varies from group to group: for example, no modification of the ͑3͒ has been reported in Refs. 14 and 15, but has been found to increase by a factor close to two in fibers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-surface modification of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility in thermally poled Infrasil™ glasses

Quiquempois

Kudlinski

Martinelli

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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Articles you may be interested inStabilization of the second-order susceptibility induced in a sulfide chalcogenide glass by thermal poling J. Appl. Phys. 101, 084905 (2007); 10.1063/1.2719008 Femtosecond investigation of the non-instantaneous third-order nonlinear suceptibility in liquids and glasses Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 211916 (2005); 10.1063/1.2136413 Erratum: "Double fitting of Marker fringes to characterize near-surface and bulk second-order nonlinearities in poled silica" [Appl.

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Poling of a channel waveguide

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Electrooptical fibers

Electrooptical fibers

Optical nonlinearity in PbO–SiO2 glass: Kramers–Kronig analyses

Near-surface modification of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility in thermally poled Infrasil™ glasses

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